Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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Phenology Appendix I. Overview of plant species included in both phenological transect (PH) and fruit trail (FT) with indication of life form (LT: large tree, ST: small tree or shrub, V: vine, E: epiphyte). Family, species and vernacular name are given. For species without vernacular names, codes (x1 or FT1) were given. Family Name Species name Vernacular name PH FT Life form Anacardiaceae Poupartia chapelieri sisikandrongo x x LT Campnosperma micranteia roandria x LT Rhus thouarsii kangy x LT Annonaceae Monanthotaxis cf. malacophylla vahihazo x x V Polyalthia capuronii menapeka x V Polyalthia madagascariensis fotsivavo x LT Polyalthia sp.1 fotsivavo géante x x LT Apocynaceae Cabucala madagascariensis tandrokosy x ST Araliaceae Cuphocarpus aculeatus voatsilana marécage x x LT Schefflera rainaliana voatsilana x x LT Arecaceae Dypsis fibrosa boakandambo x x ST Dypsis prestoniana boakabe x x LT Dypsis scottiana raosy x ST Asteraceae Senecio sp. witte pluisjes x ST Bignoniaceae Phyllarthron ilicifolium zahambe x LT Ophiocolea delphinensis akondronala x ST Burseraceae Canarium boivinii ramy x x LT Canellaceae Cinnamosma madagascariensis vahabatra 3eM x LT Capparaceae Crataeva obovata belataka x x ST Physena madagascariensis FT 85 x ST Celastraceae Mystroxylon aethiopicum voavoantatsimo x x ST Elaeodendron sp. aramboazo x LT Polycardia phyllanthoides fandrianakanga x LT Clusiaceae Garcinia chapelieri haziny tomate x LT Garcinia cf/aff. madagascariensis disaky kely x x ST Mammea bongo disaky be x LT Symphonia fasciculata haziny voany be x LT Symphonia sp. haziny fleur rouge x x LT Calophyllum sp. vitano x LT Combretaceae Terminalia fatraea katrafa x x LT Connaraceae Agelaea pentagyna rehiba vahimainty x x V Dichapetalaceae Dichapetalum sp. vahikatepoka x V Dilleniaceae Dillenia triquetra varikanda x LT Ebenaceae Diospyros myriophylla forofoka x LT Diospyros sp.1 hazomainty blanc x ST Diospyros sp.2 hazomainty x x ST Diospyros sp.3 hazomainty kely x ST Diospyros sp.4 FT 82 x ST Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus alnifolius sanga x LT Ericaceae Vaccinium eminense tsilantria x ST Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum buxifolium fangora sp.1 x ST Erythroxylum nitidilum fangora sp.2 x LT Euphorbiaceae Anthostema madagascariensis bamby x LT Blotia leandriana x225 x ST Blotia mimosoides fantsikaitra x LT 31
Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Family Name Species name Vernacular name PH FT Life form Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia tetraptera famanta x ST Macaranga perrieri mocarana x LT Uapaca ferruginea voapaky lahy x x LT Uapaca littoralis voapaky vavy x x LT Uapaca thouarsii voapaky vavy ZJ x LT genus indet. randramboay x ST Fabaceae Cynometra cf. cloiselii mampay x x LT Intsia bijuga harandrato x x LT Phylloxylon xylophylloides sotro x x LT Flacourtiaceae Bembicia uniflora bemalemy x x LT Homalium albiflorum tapinandro 1 x LT Homalium albiflorum lapivatra 1 x LT Homalium louvelianum ramirisa x LT Homalium planiflorum hazofotsy x x ST Homalium sp. marakoditra x x LT Scolopia orientalis zoramena x x LT Grossulariaceae Brexia sp. kambatrikambatri x x ST Hamamelidaceae Dicoryphe stipulaceae zorala x LT Hippocrataceae Salacia madagascariensis voatsimatra x x V Icacinaceae Apodytes sp. nov. hazomamy an ala x LT Lauraceae genus indet. varongy sp2 x LT Beilschmiedia madagascariensis resonzo x LT Cryptocarya sp. tavolohazo x x LT Ocotea sp. varongy be x LT Liliaceae Dracaena reflexa var. nervosa falinandrobe 1 x x ST Dracaena reflexa var. nervosa falinandrokely 1 x ST Dracaena reflexa var. nervosa tavolobotroka 1 x ST Loranthaceae Bakerella ambongoensis velomihanto sp1 x x E Bakerella sp. velomihanto sp2 x E Loganiaceae Anthocleista longifolia lendemilahy x x ST Menispermaceae Burasaia madagascariensis faritsaty x x ST Monimiaceae Tambourissa purpurea ambora 1 x x ST Tambourissa purpurea amboralahy 1 x ST Moraceae Trilepisium madagascariense beronono x x LT Myristicaceae Brochoneura madagascariensis mafotra x x LT Myrsinaceae Monoporus spathulatus FT 88 x V Myrtaceae Eugenia cloiselii ropasy sp.1 x x LT Eugenia sp.1 ropasy sp.2 x LT Eugenia sp.2 ropoaky x x LT Syzygium emirnense rotry sosimaro x ST Syzygium sp.1 rotry ala x LT Syzygium sp.2 rotry mena x x LT Ochnaceae Campylospermum obtusifolium hazombato x ST Diporidium ciliatum sakambolava x x ST Oleaceae Jasminum kitchingii vahifotsy kely x V Noronhia cf. lanceolata hazondraotry x ST Noronhia ovalifolia zorafotsy x x LT 32
Page 1 and 2: Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
Page 3 and 4: Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
Page 5 and 6: Table of contents III. General conc
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements A special word of
Page 10: PREFACE Preface This work brings to
Page 13 and 14: General introduction Finally, seed
Page 15 and 16: General introduction high as 98% fo
Page 19 and 20: ’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
Page 35: Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
Page 41 and 42: Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2 the successful establishm
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
Page 57 and 58: Chapter 2 On a community level the
Page 59 and 60: Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
Page 63 and 64: Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3 different consumer specie
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
Page 90 and 91:
Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
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Pteropus rufus number per species a
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Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
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Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
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Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
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Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
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Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
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Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
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Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
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Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
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Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
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Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
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Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
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Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
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Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
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Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
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Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
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Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
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Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
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Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
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Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
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Chapter 4 considering species numbe
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’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
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Chapter 5 environmental degradation
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Chapter 5 at a very low density in
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Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
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Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
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Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
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Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
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Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
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General conclusion as in other site
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General conclusion selection pressu
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General conclusion are consumed by
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Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
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Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
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Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
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Résumé température et précipita
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Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
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Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
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References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
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References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
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References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
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References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 179 and 180:
References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
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References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
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References Tattersall I (1982) The
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family Loganiaceae scientific name
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