Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Tree dispersal strategies ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are QMM very grateful for providing logistics and infrastructure at the campsite. In particular we thank Manon Vincelette, Jean-Baptiste Ramanamanjato, Laurent Randrihasipara of the QMM Environmental and Conservation Team. Plant determinations were carried out with the help of the botanists Faly Randriatafika and Johny Rabenantoandro of the Missouri Botanical Garden (MBG, Antananarivo). Voucher specimens are currently at MBG in Antananarivo. This manuscript benefited greatly from numerous suggestions of two anonymous reviewers. This study was carried out under the “Accord de Collaboration” between the Departments of Animal Biology and Anthropology of the University of Antananarivo and the Institute of Zoology of Hamburg University and QMM. I also thank Dries Bonte and Willem Talloen for providing help with statistics. The first author is supported by a grant from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders (FWO). We thank the Flemish Government for structural support to the CRC of the RZSA. Appendix I. List of abbreviations used in Figures 1 and 2 with family, scientific and vernacular name. Abbreviation Family name Scientific name Vernacular name Pc Anacardiaceae Poupartia chapelieri sisikandrongo Pm Annonaceae Polyalthia madagascariensis fotsivavo P Araliaceae Polyscias sp. voatsilana Dp Arecaceae Dypsis prestoniana boakabe Cb Burseraceae Canarium boivinii ramy Cm Canellaceae Cinnamosma madagascariensis vahabatra 3eM G Clusiaceae Garcinia cf/aff. Madagascariensis disaky kely Tf Combretaceae Terminalia fatraea katrafa D Ebenaceae Diospyros sp.2 hazomainty Ea Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus alnifolius sanga Mp Euphorbiaceae Macaranga perrieri mocarana Uf Uapaca ferruginea voapaky lahy Ul Uapaca littoralis voapaky vavy Ut Uapaca thouarsii voapaky lahy ZJ La Flacourtiaceae Ludia antanosarum zorafotsy So Scolopia orientalis zoramena B Grossulariaceae Brexia sp. kambatrikambatri Ad Icacinaceae Apodytes dimidiata hazomamy Bm Menispermaceae Burasaia madagascariensis faritsaty Ba Myristicaceae Brochoneura acumineata mafotra Ec Myrtaceae Eugenia cloiselii ropasy sp.1 E Eugenia sp. ropasy sp.2 S1 Syzygium sp.1 rotry ala S2 Syzygium sp.2 rotry mena O Oleaceae Olea sp. vahabatra Cv Rubiaceae Canthium variistipula fantsikaitramainty Rm Rothmannia mandenensis taholagna Ve Rutaceae Vepris eliotii lahinampoly Vf Vepris fitoravina fitoravina Tt Sapindaceae Tina thouarsiana sanirambavy Lm Sarcolaenaceae Leptolaena multiflora fotonbavy Sm Sarcolaena multiflora meramaintso Se Schizolaena elongata fotondahy To Ulmaceae Trema orientalis andrarezona 53
Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal interactions based on fruit traps (T), droppings (F), tree watches (W). The number of fruit traps, observation hours, crop size and fruiting period are given as well as the number of consumer, disperser and predator species. The abbreviations are Am for Alectroenas madagascariensis , Hm for Hypsipetes madagascariensis , Ta for Treron australis, Efc for Eulemur fulvus collaris , L for lemurs, NL for nocturnal lemurs, Cm for Cheirogaleus medius , CM for Cheirogaleus major, Mr for Microcebus rufus, Pr for Pteropus rufus, C for Coracopsis spp., Sp for Streptopelia picturata, Em for Eliurus myoxinus and Rr for Rattus rattus. Impact on seed: Fruit Tree Crop Fruiting Number Number Category: traps watches size period consumer disperser (N) (h) (N fruits) (N days) species species Apodytes dimidiata 2 36 309 19 7 6 Brexia sp. 1 - 461 143 4 3 Brochoneura acumineata 3 - 1324 41 1 0 Burasaia madagascariensis 2 36 114 49 4 2 Canarium boivinii 4 36 772 412 2 1 Canthium variistipula 1 - 1280 59 4 3 Cinnamosma madagascariensis 2 26.5 1 1445 59 1 1 Diospyros sp. 3 25 1 676 73 1 1 Dypsis prestoniana 1 36 1006 51 8 6 Elaeocarpus alnifolius 2 - 749 53 3 1 Eugenia cloiselii 2 27.5 1 395 17 2 2 Eugenia sp. 2 36 1712 107 1 1 Garcinia sp. 1 - 46 26 2 1 Leptolaena multiflora 4 36 959 71 5 4 Ludia antanosarum - 31 1 - - 5 4 Macaranga perrieri - 36 - - 2 1 Olea sp. 5 36 4816 67 5 3 Polyalthia madagascariensis - 36 - - 5 5 Polyscias sp. - 36 - - 5 3 Poupartia chapelieri 3 36 800 45 6 4 Rothmannia mandenensis 2 - 21 37 2 1 Sarcolaena multiflora 3 36 3010 53 6 4 Schizolaena elongata 5 36 1654 36 3 2 Scolopia orientalis 2 30.5 1 5476 54 5 3 Syzygium sp.1 3 36 1769 62 5 3 Syzygium sp.2 4 36 2416 59 7 6 Terminalia fatraea 2 36 2018 145 7 5 Tina thouarsiana 4 36 4395 62 5 2 Trema orientalis - 36 - - 3 3 Uapaca ferruginea 3 36 381 143 6 4 Uapaca littoralis 4 36 6800 328 5 3 Uapaca thouarsii 3 - 1586 295 4 3 Vepris eliotii 2 31 1 1612 55 3 3 Vepris fitoravina 3 36 7086 44 4 3 1 No complete set of 36 hours could be obtained due to a very short fruiting period or difficult climatic conditions. 54
Page 1 and 2:
Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
Page 3 and 4:
Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
Page 5 and 6:
Table of contents III. General conc
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements A special word of
Page 10: PREFACE Preface This work brings to
Page 13 and 14: General introduction Finally, seed
Page 15 and 16: General introduction high as 98% fo
Page 19 and 20: ’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
Page 41 and 42: Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 2 the successful establishm
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
Page 57: Chapter 2 On a community level the
Page 63 and 64: Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
Page 65 and 66: Chapter 3 different consumer specie
Page 67 and 68: Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
Page 69 and 70: Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
Page 73 and 74: Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
Page 75 and 76: Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
Page 77 and 78: Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
Page 79 and 80: Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
Page 81 and 82: Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
Page 83 and 84: Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
Page 85 and 86: Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
Page 87 and 88: Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
Page 90 and 91: Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
Page 92 and 93: Pteropus rufus number per species a
Page 94 and 95: Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
Page 96 and 97: Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
Page 98 and 99: Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
Page 100 and 101: Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
Page 102 and 103: Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
Page 104 and 105: Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
Page 106 and 107: Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
Page 108 and 109:
Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
Page 110 and 111:
Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
Page 112 and 113:
Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
Page 115 and 116:
Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 4 considering species numbe
Page 137 and 138:
’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
Page 139 and 140:
Chapter 5 environmental degradation
Page 141 and 142:
Chapter 5 at a very low density in
Page 143 and 144:
Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
Page 145 and 146:
Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
Page 147 and 148:
Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
Page 149 and 150:
Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
Page 151 and 152:
Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
Page 153 and 154:
General conclusion as in other site
Page 155 and 156:
General conclusion selection pressu
Page 157 and 158:
General conclusion are consumed by
Page 159 and 160:
Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
Page 161 and 162:
Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
Page 163 and 164:
Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
Page 165 and 166:
Résumé température et précipita
Page 167 and 168:
Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
Page 169 and 170:
Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
Page 171 and 172:
References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
Page 173 and 174:
References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
Page 175 and 176:
References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
Page 177 and 178:
References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 179 and 180:
References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
Page 181 and 182:
References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
Page 183 and 184:
References Tattersall I (1982) The
Page 186:
family Loganiaceae scientific name
show all

Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?