Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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References Ganesh T, Davidar P (2000) Dispersal mode of tree species in wet forests of southern Western Ghats. Curr Sci India 80:394-399 Ganzhorn JU (1985) Utilization of eucalyptus and pine plantations by brown lemurs in the eastern rainforest of Madagascar. Primate Conservation 6:34-35 Ganzhorn JU (1987) A possible role of plantations for primate conservation in Madagascar. Am J Primatol 12:205-215 Ganzhorn JU (1988) Food partitioning among Malagasy primates. Oecologia 75:436-450 Ganzhorn JU (2003) Effects of introduced Rattus rattus on endemic small mammals in dry deciduous forest fragments of western Madagascar. Animal Conserv 6:147-157 Ganzhorn JU, Abraham JP (1991) Possible role of plantations for lemur conservation in Madagascar: food for folivorous species. Folia Primatol 56:171-176 Ganzhorn JU, Kappeler PM (1996) Lemurs of the Kirindy Forest. In: Ganzhorn JU, Sorg JP (eds) Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in Madagascar. Primate Report, 46-1, Göttingen, pp 257-274 Ganzhorn JU, Schmid J (1998) Different population dynamics of Microcebus murinus in primary and secondary deciduous dry forest of Madagascar. Int J Primatol 19:785- 796 Ganzhorn JU, Sorg J-P (1996) Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest. Primate Report, 46-1, Göttingen Ganzhorn JU, Fietz J, Rakotovao E, Schwab D, Zinner D (1999a) Lemurs and the regeneration of dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. Conserv Biol 13:794-804 Ganzhorn JU, Goodman SM, Ramanamanjato J-B, Ralison J, Rakotondravony D, Rakotosamimanana B (2000) Effects of fragmentation and assessing minimum viable populations of lemurs in Madagascar. In: Rheinwald G (ed) Isolated vertebrate communities in the tropics. Bonner zoologische Monographien Edition. Volume 46. Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, pp 265-272 Ganzhorn JU, Lowry PP, Schatz GE, Sommer S (2001). The biodiversity of Madagascar: one of the world’s hottest hotspots on its way out. Oryx 35: 346-348 Ganzhorn JU, Malcomber S, Andrianantoanina O, Goodman SM (1997) Habitat characeristics and lemur species richness in Madagascar. Biotropica 29:331-343 Ganzhorn JU, Wright PC, Ratsimbazafy J (1999b) Primate communities: Madagascar. In: Fleagle JG, Janson C, Reed KE (eds) Primate Communities. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 75-89 Garber PA, Lambert JE (1998) Introduction to primate seed dispersal: Primates as seed dispersers: ecological processes and directions for future research. Am J Primatol 45:3-8 Garbutt N (1999) Mammals of Madagascar. Pica Press, UK Gautier-Hion A, Duplantier J-M, Quris R, Feer F, Sourd C, Decoux J-P, Dubost G, Emmons L, Erard C, Hecketsweiler P, Moungazi A, Roussilhon C, Thiollay J-M (1985) Fruit characters as a basis of fruit choice and seed dispersal in a tropic forest vertebrate community. Oecologia 65:324-337 Gautier-Hion A, Gautier JP, Quiris R (1981) Forest structure and food availability as complementary factors influencing the habitat use by a troop of monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus). Terre Vie-Rev Ecol 35:511-536 Gautier-Hion A, Michaloud G (1989) Are figs always keystone species for tropical frugivorous vertebrates? A test in Gabon. Ecology 70:1826-1833 169
References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, Reed KE, Simons EL, Prithijit SC (1997) Inferences about past and present primate communities in Madagascar. In: Goodman SM, Patterson BD (eds) Natural change and human impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington and London, pp 218-256 Goodman SM (1994) A description of a ground burrow of Eliurus webbi (Nesomyinae) and case of cohabitation with an endemic bird (Brachypteraciidae, Brachypteracias). Mammalia 58:670-672 Goodman SM, Sterling EJ (1996) The utilization of Canarium (Burseraceae) seeds by vertebrates in the Reserve Naturelle Integrale d’Andringitra, Madagascar. Fieldiana Zoology 85:83-99 Goodman SM, Ganzhorn JU (1997) Rarity of figs (Ficus) on Madagascar and its relationship to a depauperate frugivore community. Terre Vie-Rev Ecol 52:321-329 Goodman SM, Ganzhorn JU, Wilmé L (1997a) Observations at a Ficus tree in Malagasy humid forest. Biotropica 29:480-488 Goodman SM, Pidgeon M, Hawkins AFA and Schulenberg S (1997b) Birds of southeastern Madagascar. Fieldiana: Zoological New Series, No 87. Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago Goodman SM, Ganzhorn JU, Rakotondravony D (in press) Introduction to mammals. In: Goodman SM, Benstead JP (eds) The Natural History of Madagascar. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago Green G, Sussman R (1990) Deforestation history of the eastern rain forests of Madagascar from satellite images. Science 248:212-215 Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970) Forage fiber analysis. USDA Handbook. N379, Washington DC Hampe A (1998) Field studies of the Black Parrot Coracopsis nigra in western Madagascar. Bulletin of African Bird Club 5:108-113 Hampe A (2003) Large-scale geographical trends in fruit traits of vertebrate dispersed temperate plants. J Biogeogr 30:487-496 Heithaus ER, Fleming TH, Opler PA (1975) Foraging patterns and resource utilitzation in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. Ecology 56:841–854 Hemingway CA (1996) Morphology and phenology of seeds and whole fruit eaten by Milne-Edwards' sifaka, Propithecs diadema edwardsi, in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Int J Primatol 17:637-657 Hemingway CA (1998) Selectivity and variability in the diet of Milne-Edwards ‘ Sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi): Implications for folivory and seed-eating. Int J Primatol 19:355-377 Herrera CM (1984) Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. Oikos 44:132-141 Herrera CM (1986) Vertebrate-dispersed plants: Why don’t they behave the way they should. In: Estrada A, Fleming TH (eds) Frugivores and seed dispersal. Dr W Junk Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 5-18 Herrera CM (1987) Vertebrate-dispersed plants of the Iberian Peninsula: a study of fruit characteristics. Ecol Monogr 57:305-331 Herrera CM (1989) Seed dispersal by animals: a role in Angiosperm diversification? Am Nat 133:309-322 Herrera CM (1995) Plant-vertebrate seed dispersal systems in the Mediterranean: ecological evolutionary, and historical determinants. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 26:705- 727 170
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Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
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Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
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Table of contents III. General conc
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Acknowledgements A special word of
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PREFACE Preface This work brings to
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General introduction Finally, seed
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General introduction high as 98% fo
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’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
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Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
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Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
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Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
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Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
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Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
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Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
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Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
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Chapter 2 the successful establishm
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Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
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Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
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Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
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Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
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Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
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Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
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Chapter 2 On a community level the
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Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
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Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
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Chapter 3 different consumer specie
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Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
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Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
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Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
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Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
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Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
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Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
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Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
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Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
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Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
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Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
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Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
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Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
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Pteropus rufus number per species a
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Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
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Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
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Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
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Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
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Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
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Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
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Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
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Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
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Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
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Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
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Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
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Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
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Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
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Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
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Page 125 and 126: Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 considering species numbe
Page 137 and 138: ’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 environmental degradation
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 5 at a very low density in
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
Page 153 and 154: General conclusion as in other site
Page 155 and 156: General conclusion selection pressu
Page 157 and 158: General conclusion are consumed by
Page 159 and 160: Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
Page 161 and 162: Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
Page 163 and 164: Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
Page 165 and 166: Résumé température et précipita
Page 167 and 168: Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
Page 169 and 170: Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
Page 171 and 172: References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
Page 173: References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
Page 177 and 178: References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 179 and 180: References Marshall AG (1983) Bats,
Page 181 and 182: References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
Page 183 and 184: References Tattersall I (1982) The
Page 186: family Loganiaceae scientific name
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