Fruit-frugivore interactions in a Malagasy littoral forest - Universiteit ...

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References Korine C, Izhaki I, Arad Z (1998) Comparison of fruit syndromes between the Egyptian fruit-bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and birds in East Mediterranean habitats. Acta Oecol 19:147–153 Korine C, Kalko EKV, Herre EA (1999) Fruit characteristics and factor affecting removal in a Panamanian community of strangler figs. Oecologia 123:560-568 Koptur S, Haber WA, Frankie GW, Baker HG (1988) Phenological studies of shrub and treelet species in tropical cloud forests of Costa Rica. J Trop Ecol 4:323-346 Korine C, Kalko EKV, Herre EA (2000) Fruit characteristics and factors affecting fruit removal in a Panamanian community of strangler figs. Oecologia 123:560-568 Knight RS, Siegfried WR (1983) Interrelationships between type, size, color of fruits and dispersal in Southern African trees. Oecologia 56:405-412 Krebs CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper and Row, New York Kull CA (2000) Deforestation, erosion and fire: degradation myths in the environmental history of Madagascar. Environ Hist 6:423-450 Lambert JE (2002) Exploring the link between animal frugivory and plant strategies: the case of primate fruit processing and post-dispersal fate. In: Levey DJ, Silva RW, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CAB International, New York, pp 365-379 Lambert JE, Garber PA (1998) Evolutionary and Ecological Implications of Primate Seed Dispersal. Am J Primatol 45:9-28 Langrand O (1990) Guide to the birds of Madagascar. Yale University Press, New Haven- London Leighton M (1982) Fruit resources and patterns of feeding , spacing and grouping among sympatric Bornean hornbills (Bucerotidae). PhD, University of California Levey DJ, Bissell HA, O’Keefe SF (2000) Conversion of nitrogen to protein and amino acids in wild fruits. J Chem Ecol 26:179-1763 Levey J, Benkman CW (1999) Fruit-seed disperser interactions: timely insights from a long-term perspective. Tree 14:41-43 Levey DJ, Moermond TC, Denslow JS (1993) In: McDade L, Bawa KS, Hepsenheide HA, Hartshorn GS (eds) La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rainforest. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp 282-294 Lewis Environmental Consultants (1992a) Madagascar Minerals Project. Preliminary Environment Impact Assessment Study. Part I: Natural Environment. Appendix III: Flora. Report to QMM. Madagascar Minerals Project, Montreal and Antananarivo Lewis Environmental Consultants. (1992b). Madagascar Minerals Project. Preliminary Environment Impact Assessment Study. Part I: Natural Environment. Appendix IV: Fauna. Report to QMM. Madagascar Minerals Project, Montreal and Antananarivo Lieberman D (1982) Seasonality and phenology in a dry tropical forest in Ghana. J Ecol 70:791-806 Long E, Racey PA (submitted) Food availability and diet of Pteropus rufus in a gallery forest surrounded by sisal plantations in SE Madagascar. J Trop Ecol Lowry PPII, Schatz GE, Phillipson PB (1997) The classification of natural and anthropogenic vegetation in Madagascar. In: Goodman SM, Patterson BD (eds) Natural Change and Human Impact in Madagascar. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp 93-123 Marco DE, Paez SA (2002) Phenology and phylogeny of animal-dispersed plants in a dry Chaco forest (Argentina). J Arid Environ 52:1-16 173
References Marshall AG (1983) Bats, flowers and fruit: evolutionary relationship in the Old World. Biol J Linn Soc 20:115–135 Martin RD (1973) A review of the behaviour and ecology of the lesser mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus JF Miller, 1777). In: Michael RP, Crook JH (eds) Comparative ecology and behaviour in primates. Academic Press, London, pp 1-68 Martinez del Rio C (1994) Nutritional ecology of fruit-eating and flower-visiting birds and bats. In: Langer P, Chivers DJ (eds) The Digestive System in Mammals: Food, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 103-127 McConkey KR, Drake DR (2002) Extinct pigeons and declining bat populations: are large seeds still being dispersed in the tropical pacific? In: Levey DJ, Silva RW, Galetti M (eds) Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution and conservation. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 381-395 McKey DS (1975) The ecology of coevolved seed dispersal systems. In: Gilbert E, Raven, AP (eds) Coevolution of animals and plants. University of Texas Press, Austin, pp 159-191 Medway FLS (1972) Phenology of a tropical rain forest in Malaysia. Biol J Linn Soc 4:117-146 Meyers DM, Wright PC (1993) Resource tracking: food availability and Propithecus seasonal production. In: Kappeler PM, Ganzhorn JU (eds) Lemur Social Systems and their ecological basis Plenum Press, New York, pp 179-192 Mills LS, Soulé ME, Doak DF (1993) The keystone-species concept in ecology and conservation. Bioscience 43:219–224 Milton K, Dintzis FR (1981) Nitrogen to protein conversion factors for tropical plant samples. Biotropica 13:177-181 MIR Télédétection Inc. (1998) Etude sur la déforestation dans la région de Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar. Rapport Final Soumis à QMM (Qit Madagascar Minerals). Madagascar Minerals Project, Antananarivo Mittermeier RA (1994) Lemurs of Madagascar. Conservation Intl, Washington DC Mittermeier RA, Myers N, Thomsen JB (1998) Biodiversity hotspots and major tropical wilderness areas: approaches to setting conservation priorities. Conserv Biol 12:515-520 Moran MD (2003) Arguments for rejecting the sequential Bonferroni in ecological studies. Oikos 100: 403-405. Morellato LPC, Talora DC, Takahasi A, Bencke CC, Romera EC, Zipparro VB (2000) Phenology of Atlantic rain forest trees: a comparative study. Biotropica 32:811-823 Morelli V (2002) Il regime alimentare di Eulemur fulvus collaris nella foresta litorale del Madagascar: selezione e disponibilità delle risorse. Master Thesis, Pisa University, Italy Morland HS (1993) Seasonal behavioral variation and its relationship to thermoregulation. In: Kappeler PM, Ganzhorn JU (eds) Lemur Social Systems and their ecological basis Plenum Press, New York , pp 193-204 Morrison DW (1978) Foraging ecology and energetics of the frugivorous bat Artibeus jamaicensis. Ecology 59:716–723 Morrison DW (1980) Efficiency of food utilization by fruit bats. Oecologia 45:270–273 Moshier SL (1991) Ephemeris v5.1. Public domain software. Oates JF, Swain T, Zantovska J (1977) Secondary compounds and food selection by Colobus monkeys. Biochem Syst Ecol 5:317-321 174
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Fruit-frugivore interactions in a M
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Cover photographs: Front: Back: -
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Table of contents III. General conc
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Acknowledgements A special word of
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PREFACE Preface This work brings to
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General introduction Finally, seed
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General introduction high as 98% fo
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’Hazo tokana tsy mba ala’ One t
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Chapter 1 changes in resource avail
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Chapter 1 For analyses we narrowed
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Chapter 1 Fig. 2. Seasonal variatio
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Chapter 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Chapter 1 Fig 4. Comparison of data
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Chapter 1 Table 4. Data on phenolog
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Chapter 1 Relation with abiotic fac
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Chapter 1 Malagasy rainforests disp
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Chapter 1 Appendix I Continued Fami
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Malagasy proverb Drawing © Giusepp
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Chapter 2 the successful establishm
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Chapter 2 40 Table 1. The frugivore
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Chapter 2 Statistical analyses To v
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Chapter 2 Overall fruit trap data d
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Chapter 2 Table 3. Morphological an
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Chapter 2 depressed seeds (Fig. 3a)
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Chapter 2 Fig. 3. Ordination plot o
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Chapter 2 On a community level the
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Chapter 2 Appendix II. Plant-animal
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Malagasy proverb Lemur drawing © S
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Chapter 3 different consumer specie
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Chapter 3 Bollen et al. in press, C
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Chapter 3 64 Body 1,2 Body lenght (
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Chapter 3 dominant plant families s
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Chapter 3 Table 4. Morphological an
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Chapter 3 Table 4 Continued Paramet
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Chapter 3 Besides testing feeding s
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Chapter 3 and do not consume the fi
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Chapter 3 (1997) already pointed ou
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Chapter 3 1989; Galetti 1993; Saini
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Chapter 3 Appendix I. All plant spe
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Chapter 3 Other SD Hss Rats Rr Ew 8
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Pteropus rufus Feeding ecology of P
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Pteropus rufus number per species a
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Pteropus rufus Table 1 Continued Fr
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Pteropus rufus larger number of spe
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Table 2 Continued Number of seeds/d
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Pteropus rufus Food selection: expl
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Pteropus rufus presence. On the oth
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Pteropus rufus Marshall (1983). Occ
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Coracopsis nigra The feeding ecolog
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Coracopsis nigra fruit pulp (70%) b
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Coracopsis nigra Table 1 Continued
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Coracopsis nigra Table 2. Morpholog
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Malagasy proverb Drawing of fruits
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Chapter 4 Most seed dispersal studi
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Chapter 4 Mean temperature is aroun
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Chapter 4 Number of seeds: 1-2, 3-1
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Chapter 4 Fig. 2. Monthly fruit ava
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Chapter 4 120 Table 3. Soil charact
Page 127 and 128: Chapter 4 Table 4. Morphological ch
Page 129 and 130: Chapter 4 Table 5. Biochemical char
Page 131 and 132: Chapter 4 Chemistry At both sites,
Page 133 and 134: Chapter 4 considering species numbe
Page 137 and 138: ’Ny valala tsy indroa mandry eo a
Page 139 and 140: Chapter 5 environmental degradation
Page 141 and 142: Chapter 5 at a very low density in
Page 143 and 144: Chapter 5 Table 1. A list of plant
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 5 (Ganzhorn et al. 1999a).
Page 147 and 148: Chapter 5 Animals The degree of vul
Page 149 and 150: Chapter 5 comm.). Mixed species pla
Page 151 and 152: Chapter 5 data are needed we believ
Page 153 and 154: General conclusion as in other site
Page 155 and 156: General conclusion selection pressu
Page 157 and 158: General conclusion are consumed by
Page 159 and 160: Samenvatting omstandigheden zijn bo
Page 161 and 162: Samenvatting vruchtkenmerken. Beide
Page 163 and 164: Samenvatting zaadverspreiding moete
Page 165 and 166: Résumé température et précipita
Page 167 and 168: Résumé (Sud-est de Madagascar) et
Page 169 and 170: Résumé des frugivores sur l’év
Page 171 and 172: References Bollen A, Van Elsacker L
Page 173 and 174: References Dowsett JR (2000) Le sta
Page 175 and 176: References Godfrey LR, Junger WL, R
Page 177: References Janson CH, Chapman CA (1
Page 181 and 182: References Rabevohitra R, Lowry PP,
Page 183 and 184: References Tattersall I (1982) The
Page 186: family Loganiaceae scientific name
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