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Prophet accepted him. But once he converted to islam. the couple returned to one another. 1 Reporting the Hadith of the Prophet was another important area in which women made a significant contribuiton in early Islam. It was stated by Ibn S"a, d in the section which he devoted to the women - Hadith reporters that there were 700 women who reported Hadiths they heard either from the Prophet himself or from his associates. For example, Fatimah al-Zahra s reported 387 Hadith, 0 'Asmýal Bint AT Bak r reported 58, Zaynab Bint Jahsh reported 111 0 Hadiths, MaymUn*ah Bint al-H! ýith al Hl. l'; liyyah reported 76 Hadith. 0 Their contribution was not limited to merely reporting Hadith during and after the Prophet's time, but also some women were considered to be experts in religious instruction. Among such women C- ;12 were Alisha (the Prophet's wife) andlUmm al-Dard * The Muslim women moreover, made a contribution in the field of literature. ' Among such women was Khawla, Bint Thalalab. who was particularly known because of her famous problem about which she consulted the Prophet, and this was the immediate reason behind revealing the Qurlanic verses that prohibited ZMZ7, as mentioned earlier. It was'also she who spoke to4Umar ibn al-Khaýtrb as he came out of the Mosque accompanied by al-Jaiad. After mutual compliments between her arlUmar, she spoke to'cVmar saying, "Oh"Umar. I have known you when you were4Umar (in the diminutive) and looking after sheep 1. Ibid 2. Ibn Era"d. op. cit.. Vol. 2, P. 374 165
ln*Ukaz marketplace. It was not too long ago. Now you are called Amir al-Mu minin (t] and look after your "Oh woman, you have sayina to al-jar-Ud, he Commander of the Believers) so. fear Allah subJects ... 11 AI-Jar7d turned to her sying, been so severe to Am! 'r al-Mulminin. 'Umar interfered "Leave her alone; do you not know her? This is a Khawla whose voice was heard by Allah in the heavens. So Umar must listen to her. " 1 .1 Az. furthe r role which some women. developed was as artisans. For example, Salamah Bint Zamlaah (the Prophet's wife and Mother of Belivers) was a skilful craftswoman who used to work alAýIim (a kind of leather). 2 Raytah Bint Mulawiyyah al-Thaqafiyyah was an artisan whose husband Abal-Allah bin Malud was a jobless man and she carried out the burden of providing for her family. i Zaynab bint Uahsh was a hard working woman who used to work with her hands and distribute charity to the poor. 4 Others worked in fosterage for example, HalTmah al SaIdiyyah who had fostered Muhammad in his childhood. Moreover, some women reached high positions and held recognised jobs. For instance. Al-Sh-Ef, a bint Abd Allah used to teach reading and writing to the Muslim women. The Prophet himself asked her to teach Hafsa *0 (the Prophet's wife) how to read and write. And during the Caliphate. C Umar bin al-KhattAl she was asked by him to hold the job of supervising trading in al-Madinah marklet Place. 4 A further aspect of life in which Islam bought changes was the ritual of mourning over the dead. Islam forbade the manic expreSsion of grief 1. Harb al-Gha; alF,, Istiqial al-MaAh fT al-Islin (Independent Woman in islam), P. 58 2. See Ibn al-Athl'r, 3. Ibid - Ibid *P* 'it*, P*447 . 166'
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THE CHANGING POSITION OF WOMEN IN A
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
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INTRODUCTION The Islamic and Arabic
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The status of women in Islamic and
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civilization or of both combined. S
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funcultivatable valley', although i
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2) The second source of support was
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and would not take them captive, be
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fight Muslims; not satisfied with t
Page 19 and 20:
From the Qurlan, we know that she w
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would not marry at all unless she h
Page 23 and 24:
unequal match. "If you can't find a
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ut also among the Hebrews and Arame
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that The fact is/ this marriage doe
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elated to the economic and social c
Page 31 and 32:
However. Islam forbade this kind of
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How was the wife treated Most of th
Page 35 and 36:
49 Another example is the Zainah ma
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'Excepýi for rare cases in countri
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ArZý; The wife of Shai used to dis
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A man could divorce his wife. remar
Page 43 and 44:
women as the Qurlan says: For those
Page 45 and 46:
divorce. the man takes compensation
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The Woman's Inheritance in Pre-Isla
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among his children. giving to a mal
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asking him to bring his mother, Lay
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Burying Daughters Alive In Pre-Isla
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2. The second motive was the fear t
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"But infanticide was not a new thin
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Or was it at any' specific age ? Th
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some mothers must have felt that it
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So it is not surprising that the tw
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0 The Qurlan caýe prohibiting this
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CHAPTER TWO In the previous chapter
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Ia I "As to the thief. male or fema
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to defend the tribe or bring in boo
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For the majority of Arab men, this
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the Islamic system for sharing out
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Marriage in Islam The family is the
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A tradition reported that. "when a
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I. The first kind includes those wo
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2. Also. Islam has forbidden a man'
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However. a man can get married to a
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I c Ati"said, No. ýnless she is wi
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ut the woman can not have two husba
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His chief duty is to see that the p
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Dowry in Islam. is the wife's right
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iron ring. " The man went and searc
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, without , paying it. If a man div
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give me what is sufficient for me a
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discuss later with divorce in Islam
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excuses as the Prophet said: "If a
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The idea behind the Qurlanic verse
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men are killed. leaving widows and
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for another wife for her husband in
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Divorce in Islam Islam considers ma
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Beating (Lightly): If the husband d
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period (idda) as the Qurlan states:
Page 117 and 118: 6 114 family's house together with
Page 119 and 120: is to give the opportunity to notic
Page 121 and 122: On that, Allah's Apostle said (to h
Page 123 and 124: 4: his father. Ibn Umar said, 'The
Page 125 and 126: -"The mothers ' shall give two whol
Page 127 and 128: then he could force her to marry so
Page 129 and 130: should support her financially unti
Page 131 and 132: The right of a woman as a mother in
Page 133 and 134: Also: "Serve God, and join not any
Page 135 and 136: KHADIJAH BINT KHUWAYLID The longest
Page 137 and 138: The marriage was effected through t
Page 139 and 140: It must be taken into consideration
Page 141 and 142: "Of the days of her childhood and e
Page 143 and 144: 4- , "Alisha. although young, was m
Page 145 and 146: "How do you know that? " "When you
Page 147 and 148: "Take half your religion from this
Page 149 and 150: and the leaders who wereicompanions
Page 151 and 152: Although her actions in this event
Page 153 and 154: the depth of sadness that her fathe
Page 155 and 156: The Prophet was elated by the birth
Page 157 and 158: 154 The Prophet' a, special love to
Page 159 and 160: Time passed and F; timah still rema
Page 161 and 162: just to save their lives. 1 As for
Page 163 and 164: It is said a Qurlanic verse was rev
Page 165 and 166: At the beginning of the battles, th
Page 167: There were many occasions when Musl
Page 171 and 172: However, history also recorded the
Page 173 and 174: CONCLUSION Inconclusion, the triump
Page 175 and 176: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbot, Nabia, Aishah t
Page 177 and 178: Holt. P. M. Lambton 9 AN. W. K.. Le
Page 179 and 180: Roberts, Robert, Social Laws of the
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