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staff of the army during war time, and in practice he used to lead the fighters. This sort of responsibility is thought to be too hard for a woman to carry, because of her physical build and the physiological changes during pregnancy, delivery and lactation. Moreover, the Head of State in Islam also has to lead the people in prayers and this again is not allowed in Islamic law. since during prayer, the ImMa must stand in front of the Muslims, mostly men, and during the prayer he has to make certain movements in different positions like bending to the ground and to prostating himself. The public performance could embarass a woman, compromising her shyness. modesty and dignity. Also a woman leader was felt to affect the people's concentration on prayer. For these reasons, we conclude that Islam in denying the position of the Head of State to women. was taking into account her physique, physiological and psychological changes rather than seeking to humiliate or degrade her. Ibid 1 73
Marriage in Islam The family is the basic unit of any society. which in most cultures is established by marriage. Without marriage. there would be no family, and without family, and the sentiments. discipline, and cohesions it engenders and inculcates, there would be no civilation. It Is the family which hets, through the ages, prepared the children for participation in society by giving them their first education and the necessary 'backbone' to face the problems of life. It inspires the child to integrate but also to be original. 'inventive and competitive. Because the family exerts a seminal and lasting influence and is the key-stone and the first unit for civilisation, Islam paid special attention to the family structure and problems and made every effort to build this unit on a healthy and strong foundation. The Importance of Marriage in Islam In Islam, marriage is considered the right way to form a family. Through marriage, a person can satisfy, in'a lawful way, his needs, whether such needs are emotional, psychological or biological. Marriage was known in ancient societies although thd regulations and systems associated with it differed from one place to another,, - according to the prevailing customs and traditions. However, what concerns us here is marriage as far as Islamic Sharilah Law is concerned Islam has urged Muslims to get married as soon as they can in order to protect individuals from turning, to evil, to encourage procreation and. tc) look after the children properly. As the Qurlan says: 1'. 24,32. "Marry those among you who are single. or the virtuous ones among your slaves, male or female, if they are in poverty, God will give them means out of His grace; For God encompasseth all. and He knoweth all things. " 74
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THE CHANGING POSITION OF WOMEN IN A
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
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INTRODUCTION The Islamic and Arabic
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The status of women in Islamic and
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civilization or of both combined. S
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funcultivatable valley', although i
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2) The second source of support was
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and would not take them captive, be
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fight Muslims; not satisfied with t
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From the Qurlan, we know that she w
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would not marry at all unless she h
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unequal match. "If you can't find a
Page 25 and 26: ut also among the Hebrews and Arame
Page 27 and 28: that The fact is/ this marriage doe
Page 29 and 30: elated to the economic and social c
Page 31 and 32: However. Islam forbade this kind of
Page 33 and 34: How was the wife treated Most of th
Page 35 and 36: 49 Another example is the Zainah ma
Page 37 and 38: 'Excepýi for rare cases in countri
Page 39 and 40: ArZý; The wife of Shai used to dis
Page 41 and 42: A man could divorce his wife. remar
Page 43 and 44: women as the Qurlan says: For those
Page 45 and 46: divorce. the man takes compensation
Page 47 and 48: The Woman's Inheritance in Pre-Isla
Page 49 and 50: among his children. giving to a mal
Page 51 and 52: asking him to bring his mother, Lay
Page 53 and 54: Burying Daughters Alive In Pre-Isla
Page 55 and 56: 2. The second motive was the fear t
Page 57 and 58: "But infanticide was not a new thin
Page 59 and 60: Or was it at any' specific age ? Th
Page 61 and 62: some mothers must have felt that it
Page 63 and 64: So it is not surprising that the tw
Page 65 and 66: 0 The Qurlan caýe prohibiting this
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER TWO In the previous chapter
Page 69 and 70: Ia I "As to the thief. male or fema
Page 71 and 72: to defend the tribe or bring in boo
Page 73 and 74: For the majority of Arab men, this
Page 75: the Islamic system for sharing out
Page 79 and 80: A tradition reported that. "when a
Page 81 and 82: I. The first kind includes those wo
Page 83 and 84: 2. Also. Islam has forbidden a man'
Page 85 and 86: However. a man can get married to a
Page 87 and 88: I c Ati"said, No. ýnless she is wi
Page 89 and 90: ut the woman can not have two husba
Page 91 and 92: His chief duty is to see that the p
Page 93 and 94: Dowry in Islam. is the wife's right
Page 95 and 96: iron ring. " The man went and searc
Page 97 and 98: , without , paying it. If a man div
Page 99 and 100: give me what is sufficient for me a
Page 101 and 102: discuss later with divorce in Islam
Page 103 and 104: excuses as the Prophet said: "If a
Page 105 and 106: The idea behind the Qurlanic verse
Page 107 and 108: men are killed. leaving widows and
Page 109 and 110: for another wife for her husband in
Page 111 and 112: Divorce in Islam Islam considers ma
Page 113 and 114: Beating (Lightly): If the husband d
Page 115 and 116: period (idda) as the Qurlan states:
Page 117 and 118: 6 114 family's house together with
Page 119 and 120: is to give the opportunity to notic
Page 121 and 122: On that, Allah's Apostle said (to h
Page 123 and 124: 4: his father. Ibn Umar said, 'The
Page 125 and 126: -"The mothers ' shall give two whol
Page 127 and 128:
then he could force her to marry so
Page 129 and 130:
should support her financially unti
Page 131 and 132:
The right of a woman as a mother in
Page 133 and 134:
Also: "Serve God, and join not any
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KHADIJAH BINT KHUWAYLID The longest
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The marriage was effected through t
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It must be taken into consideration
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"Of the days of her childhood and e
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4- , "Alisha. although young, was m
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"How do you know that? " "When you
Page 147 and 148:
"Take half your religion from this
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and the leaders who wereicompanions
Page 151 and 152:
Although her actions in this event
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the depth of sadness that her fathe
Page 155 and 156:
The Prophet was elated by the birth
Page 157 and 158:
154 The Prophet' a, special love to
Page 159 and 160:
Time passed and F; timah still rema
Page 161 and 162:
just to save their lives. 1 As for
Page 163 and 164:
It is said a Qurlanic verse was rev
Page 165 and 166:
At the beginning of the battles, th
Page 167 and 168:
There were many occasions when Musl
Page 169 and 170:
ln*Ukaz marketplace. It was not too
Page 171 and 172:
However, history also recorded the
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CONCLUSION Inconclusion, the triump
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbot, Nabia, Aishah t
Page 177 and 178:
Holt. P. M. Lambton 9 AN. W. K.. Le
Page 179 and 180:
Roberts, Robert, Social Laws of the
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