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even though there is a mutual consent. The proclamation of a properly performed and publicly announced marriage is to make it generally known that this ceremony has taken place. Therefore, Islam always encourages people to celebrate a marriage publicly as Abd Al-RahmIn 0 bin IAUf says : "The Prophet said to me, give a wedding banquet, even with one sheep. " 1 Dowry in Islam In general, Islam approved of the dowry which was an existing custom among Arabs. Every marriage contract must include a dowry (money paid to the wife by the husband). Also: "And give the women (on marriage) their dowry as a free gift.,, 2 "Except for these (the prohibited women). all others are lawful, provided ye seek (them In marriage) with gifts from your property, desiring chastity, not lust. Seeing, that ye derive benefit from them, give them their dowries (at least) as prescribed. " 3 Dowry has many names : it is called al-Sad9q, I al-Nihlah, and 4 al-Fari da. It is not a bride price, but it is paid as a toekn 0 of the husband's sincerity. and ability to look after the woman and be responsible for her and the children as well. As it was stated that "Allah has decreed dowry as a necessary present from the man to his wife, and it is not a price to be paid in exchange for a merchandise or a pay for her service. It 5 Islam has made dowry the man's duty because all marital financial duties are the man's responsibility and dowry is no exception. Nobody can exempt the husband from paying the dowry to his wife because it is a necessary condition for valid marriage. 1. Sahih al-Bukhari, Vol. 7. OP. Cit.. P. 70 2, Q. 4,4 1- 3. Q. 4,24 4. Tee Shihatah Abd Allah. Aj-Ma? ahf1' al-Isli7m B! ýA al-Mjaj wa al H; dir I- Women in Islam between the past ana the presentis re 5. Ibid 89
Dowry in Islam. is the wife's right and she can use it in any way she likes : she can return it or leave it. She can even refuse to consummate her marriage until she has it all. And, the wife's guardian is not allowed to take anything from her dowry unless she chooses to give it to him, as she can also choose to give the husband some which was different from the custom during the pre-Islamic period. As the Qurlan lays stress on that in this verse: "But if they, of their own good pleasure, remit any part of it toyou, take it and enjoy it with good cheer. " 1 So this is considered to be one of the things which Islam has changed to benefit the woman and to protect her rights. "Once the marriage contract is validated, the dowry becomes the woman's own property. However, before the marriage is consummated. it is liable to withdrawal either completely or partly, but if the woman has down anything (before such withdrawal) such as selling or pawning her dowry, the action will have to be respected and considered valid. " 2 Amount of Dowry according to Islam As stated earlier, Islam considers dowry asa present or gift from the bridegroom to the bride. Accordingly, there is no particular amount specified for dowry, which is determined according to economic and social standards. A husband of fers what he can af ford, depending on hisýeconomic ability, However, 'Islamic scholars differed regarding the minimum dowry; aI ccording to Wrd bin Jubair, the minimum dowry shall be 50 dirhams others are of the opinion that it should be 40 dirham and there is 1. Q. j, ' 4 2. lazik%f, Vol. 4, op. cit. . P. 136 90
Page 1 and 2:
THE CHANGING POSITION OF WOMEN IN A
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to exp
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INTRODUCTION The Islamic and Arabic
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The status of women in Islamic and
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civilization or of both combined. S
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funcultivatable valley', although i
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2) The second source of support was
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and would not take them captive, be
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fight Muslims; not satisfied with t
Page 19 and 20:
From the Qurlan, we know that she w
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would not marry at all unless she h
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unequal match. "If you can't find a
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ut also among the Hebrews and Arame
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that The fact is/ this marriage doe
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elated to the economic and social c
Page 31 and 32:
However. Islam forbade this kind of
Page 33 and 34:
How was the wife treated Most of th
Page 35 and 36:
49 Another example is the Zainah ma
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'Excepýi for rare cases in countri
Page 39 and 40:
ArZý; The wife of Shai used to dis
Page 41 and 42: A man could divorce his wife. remar
Page 43 and 44: women as the Qurlan says: For those
Page 45 and 46: divorce. the man takes compensation
Page 47 and 48: The Woman's Inheritance in Pre-Isla
Page 49 and 50: among his children. giving to a mal
Page 51 and 52: asking him to bring his mother, Lay
Page 53 and 54: Burying Daughters Alive In Pre-Isla
Page 55 and 56: 2. The second motive was the fear t
Page 57 and 58: "But infanticide was not a new thin
Page 59 and 60: Or was it at any' specific age ? Th
Page 61 and 62: some mothers must have felt that it
Page 63 and 64: So it is not surprising that the tw
Page 65 and 66: 0 The Qurlan caýe prohibiting this
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER TWO In the previous chapter
Page 69 and 70: Ia I "As to the thief. male or fema
Page 71 and 72: to defend the tribe or bring in boo
Page 73 and 74: For the majority of Arab men, this
Page 75 and 76: the Islamic system for sharing out
Page 77 and 78: Marriage in Islam The family is the
Page 79 and 80: A tradition reported that. "when a
Page 81 and 82: I. The first kind includes those wo
Page 83 and 84: 2. Also. Islam has forbidden a man'
Page 85 and 86: However. a man can get married to a
Page 87 and 88: I c Ati"said, No. ýnless she is wi
Page 89 and 90: ut the woman can not have two husba
Page 91: His chief duty is to see that the p
Page 95 and 96: iron ring. " The man went and searc
Page 97 and 98: , without , paying it. If a man div
Page 99 and 100: give me what is sufficient for me a
Page 101 and 102: discuss later with divorce in Islam
Page 103 and 104: excuses as the Prophet said: "If a
Page 105 and 106: The idea behind the Qurlanic verse
Page 107 and 108: men are killed. leaving widows and
Page 109 and 110: for another wife for her husband in
Page 111 and 112: Divorce in Islam Islam considers ma
Page 113 and 114: Beating (Lightly): If the husband d
Page 115 and 116: period (idda) as the Qurlan states:
Page 117 and 118: 6 114 family's house together with
Page 119 and 120: is to give the opportunity to notic
Page 121 and 122: On that, Allah's Apostle said (to h
Page 123 and 124: 4: his father. Ibn Umar said, 'The
Page 125 and 126: -"The mothers ' shall give two whol
Page 127 and 128: then he could force her to marry so
Page 129 and 130: should support her financially unti
Page 131 and 132: The right of a woman as a mother in
Page 133 and 134: Also: "Serve God, and join not any
Page 135 and 136: KHADIJAH BINT KHUWAYLID The longest
Page 137 and 138: The marriage was effected through t
Page 139 and 140: It must be taken into consideration
Page 141 and 142: "Of the days of her childhood and e
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4- , "Alisha. although young, was m
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"How do you know that? " "When you
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"Take half your religion from this
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and the leaders who wereicompanions
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Although her actions in this event
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the depth of sadness that her fathe
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The Prophet was elated by the birth
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154 The Prophet' a, special love to
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Time passed and F; timah still rema
Page 161 and 162:
just to save their lives. 1 As for
Page 163 and 164:
It is said a Qurlanic verse was rev
Page 165 and 166:
At the beginning of the battles, th
Page 167 and 168:
There were many occasions when Musl
Page 169 and 170:
ln*Ukaz marketplace. It was not too
Page 171 and 172:
However, history also recorded the
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CONCLUSION Inconclusion, the triump
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbot, Nabia, Aishah t
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Holt. P. M. Lambton 9 AN. W. K.. Le
Page 179 and 180:
Roberts, Robert, Social Laws of the
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