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Marian Tudor / Ovidius University Annals - Biology-Ecology Series 14: 115-120 (2010) conclusion that these populations might be larger than the ones identified and investigated. Also, this aspect must be correlated with the number of field hours spent in each location. If the number of field hours spent in the Romanian Dobrudja is approximately equal (generally over 100 hours) in each location, the number of hours spent in the locations of the Bulgarian Dobrudja is much lower (an average of 10-12 hours per location). This is why it is very likely that the number of individuals in the identified populations could be much higher in the Bulgarian locations. Considering the time spent in each location, the relative preservation of the habitats, as well the effort of capturing the animals, all these bring arguments in favor of this hypothesis. Otherwise, in what regards these populations in the Bulgarian side of Dobrudja, the data collected over the 2008 research season evidence a relatively good preservation of the nose horned viper in the natural and semi-natural habitats. No road kills or direct kills were discovered in these areas, probably due to the fact that these habitats are located at a considerable distance from roads and spaces dedicated to activities with anthropogenic impact. Still, given that the data collected here were gathered over a period of only a few months, it is possible that direct kills could occur sporadically due to tourism or animal grazing [20]. At the same time, we estimate that the new buildings, as well as the sale of lands that shelter vipers to investors, will lead to the destruction of their specific habitats in Bulgaria too. In both countries, the expansion of constructions and road improvement with the purpose of easing transport but also of facilitating the access of mass tourism to wild areas, will lead to the enhancement of the anthropogenic impact in areas where it either did not exist or it was sporadic. 4. Conclusions The main conclusion of the study is that Dobrudja, as biogeographical area well circumscribed and with particular characteristics compared to the other parts of Europe situated at the same latitude, still hosts viable populations of the montandoni horned viper subspecies; 117 The most serious danger for the preservation of this subspecies of horned viper is represented by the destruction of habitats. Immediately after come the road kills and direct kills. The populations of Vipera ammodytes montandoni in Dobrudja are isolated one from the other, therefore we believe that there are few exchanges of individuals among them or that these exchanges lack completely in some cases, leading thus to the reduction of the intra-population genetic diversity; Our data argument for the existence of at least 12 areas that shelter viable populations of nose horned vipers in Dobrodja. These areas are: Dumbraveni Natural Reserve, Babadag Forest, Priopcea Hill, Macin Mountains National Park, Gura Dobrogei Natural Reserve, the ruins of Adamclisi fortress, Canaraua Fetii Natural Reserve, Rusalka, Kaliakra, Bolata Dèrè, Yaillata and Kamen Bryag. Future studies will focus on the estimation of intra-population genetic diversity and on the dynamics of certain populations of this subspecies in order to propose the best measures intended for the preservation of the Dobrudja nose horned viper. Acknowledgements This study was partly possible thanks to the UNDP/GEF Atlas Project no. 047111 “The strengthening of the national system of protected areas in Romania through the best management practices in the Macin Mountains National Park.” The researches in the Bulgarian area of Dobrudja were possible thanks to the PHARE CBC 2005 Romania-Bulgaria Program RO 2005/017- 535.01.02.02 “Comparative studies regarding the biodiversity of coastal habitats, the anthropogenic impact and the possibilities for the conservation of important European habitats between Cape Midia (Romania) and Cape Kaliakra (Bulgaria). We are indebted to: Dr. Dan Cogălniceanu and Dr. Marius Skolka for providing references, valuable advice and logistics. Dr. Zsolt Török and Dr. Paul Szekely for support and references. Dr. Olivia Chirobocea for the revising of the text and accurate English translation.
The present situation of the nose horned viper.../ Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 115-120 (2010) 5. References [1] IFTIME, A. (2005) - Reptile. In: Cartea Roșie a vertebratelor României, 173–196. BOTNARIUC ,N. & TATOLE, V. (Eds.). Bucuresti: ed. Curtea Veche.[in Romanian]. [2] GIBBONS, J.W. et. al. 2000 - The Global Decline of Reptiles, Déjà Vu Amphibians BioScience, Vol 50, No.8, 653-666. [3] TOROK, Z.1999 - Note privind distribuția spațiala a herpetofaunei în zona Culmii Pricopanului, Acta oecologica, 6, 57-62. [4] TOROK, Z. 2000 - Șerpii veninoși din România (Venomous snake of Romania), Petarda, no.6, Tulcea, Aves. [5] SOS, T., 2005 - Note preliminare privind distribuția spațiala a herpetofaunei de pe Culmea Pricopanului din Parcul Național Munții Măcin, Migrans, Târgu Mureș, 7(3), 8-10. [6] OTEL, V., 1997 - Investigatii herpetologice în zona munților Măcin și podișul Babadagului, Anal Șt. IDD, 1997, 71-77. [7] FUHN, I.E. & VANCEA, St. 1961 - Reptilia (Țestoase, Șopirle, Șerpi). In: Fauna RPR.Vol. 14(2). Bucuresti: Edit. Academiei RPR. 338 [in Romanian]. [8] MERTENS, R. & WERMUTH, H. (1960) - Die Amphibien und Reptilien Europas. Dritte Liste,nach dem Stand vom 1. Januar 1960. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Waldemar Kramer. 264. [9] COVACIU-MARCOV S.D, GHIRA I., CICORT-LUCACIU A.D., SAS I., STRUGARIU A., BOGDAN H.V. - Contributions to knowledge regarding the geographical distribution of the herpetofauna of Dobrudja, Romania. North-Western Journal of Zoology Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006, 88-125 [10] FUHN, I.E. (1969) - Broaste, serpi, sopirle. Bucuresti: Ed. Natura si Omul. 246 [In Romanian]. [11] COSSWHITE, D.L., S.F. FOX, and THILL R.E. 1999 - Comparison of methods for monitoring reptiles and amphibians in upland forests of the Ouachita mountains, Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science 79:45-50. 118 [12] CAMPBELL, H.W., and S.P. CHRISTMAN 1982 - Field techniques for herpetofaunal community analysis. 193-200 in N. J. Scott, Jr., ed. Herpetological Communities, U.S.D.I. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Research Report 13, Washington, D.C. 239 . [13] RYAN, T.J., PHILIPPI, T., LEIDEN, Y.A., DORCAS, M.E., WIGLEY, T.B. and [14] GASC, J.-P., CABELA, A., CRNOBRHJA- ISAILOVIC, J.,DOLMEN, D., GROSSENBACHER, K., HAFFNER, P.,LESCURE, J., MARTENS, H., MARTINEZ- RICA, J.P., MAURIN, H., OLIVEIRA, M.E., SOFIANIDOU, T.S., VEITH, M. & ZUIDERWIJK, A.(Eds.) 1997 - Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. [15] ENGE, K.M. 2001 - The pitfalls of pitfall traps. Journal of Herpetology 35(3): 467-478. [16] FERNER, J. W. 1979. A review of marking techniques for amphibians and reptiles, Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Circular 9: 1-42. [17] KARNS, D.R. 1986 - Field herpetology: methods for the study of amphibians and reptiles, in Minnesota. James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History, occasional papers 18. [18] CORN, P. S., and R. B. BURY. 1990 - Reptiles. USDA Forest Service, General and Technical Report PNW-GTR-256, 34. [19] ANDREI, M., 2002 - Contributions to the knowledge of the herpetofauna of southern Dobrudja (Romania). Trav. Mus. Nat. d'Hist. Nat. Gr. Antipa 44, 357-373 [20] BOIAN, P.P. 2007 © Springer, Amphibians and Reptiles of Bulgaria: Fauna, Vertical Distribution and Consrvation, 85-107 , in Biogeography and Ecology of Bulgaria, V. Fet & A. Popov (eds.)
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