VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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The plants with protection statute, endemites and relicts.../ Ovidius University Annals of Biology-Ecology 14: 25-31 (2010) 80. Vicia pisiformis L. Two species are included in Application II of Directive 92/43/ЕЕС: Cyclamen coum Mill. and Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch. 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 24 32 21 51 1 12 6 29 42 Directive 92/43/ЕЕС CITES IUCN Red List Red book BDA Herbs prohibited from collecting Herbs in the restrictive regime Endemites Relicts Fig. 1. Proportion of species with conservation status, endemites and relicts In the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) are included 24 species: Anacamptis pyramidalis C. Rich., Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce, Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch, Cephalanthera rubra (L.) Rich., Cyclamen coum Mill., Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soo, Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz, Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., Epipactis purpurata Smith, Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus nivalis L., Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Listera ovata (L.) R. Br., Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich., Ophrys apifera Huds., Ophrys cornuta Stev., Ophrys mammosa Desf., Orchis morio L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Orchis simia Lam., Orchis tridentata Scop., Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Rchb., Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. The IUCN Red List for Bulgaria are included 32 species. In category „threatened” are included 13 species: Aesculus hippocastanum L., Anthemis regisborisii Stoj. et Acht., Artemisia pedemontana Balb., Campanula euxina (Vel.) Ancev, Celtis glabrata Steven, Epipactis purpurata Smith, Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus nivalis L., Juniperus sabina L., Jurinea ledebourii Bunge, Ophrys apifera Huds., Ruta graveolens L., Taxus baccata L. In category „vulnerable” are included 9 species: Anacamptis pyramidalis C. Rich., Epipactis microphylla (Ehrh.) Sw., Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medic., Haplophyllum 28 thesioides G. Don., Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Ophrys cornuta Stev., Ophrys mammosa Desf., Pastinaca umbrosa Stev. et DC. In category „nearly threatened” 5 species: Anemone sylvestris L., Cercis siliquastrum L., Erodium hoefftianum C. A. Mey., Galium rubioides L., Vicia pisiformis L. In category „least concern” are included 5 species: Aegilops geniculata Roth, Cyclamen coum Mill., Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Pulmonaria mollis Horn., Tilia rubra DC. In the Red book for PR Bulgaria are included total of 21 species. In the category „endangered” are included 7 species: Aesculus hippocastanum L., Anemone sylvestris L., Artemisia pedemontana Balb., Galanthus nivalis L., Galium rubioides L., Ruta graveolens L., Taxus baccata L. In category „rare” are included 14 species: Anthemis regisborisii Stoj. et Acht., Celtis glabrata Steven, Cercis siliquastrum L., Cyclamen coum Mill., Erodium hoefftianum C. A. Mey., Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medic., Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Haplophyllum thesioides G. Don., Juniperus sabina L., Jurinea ledebourii Bunge, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Pastinaca umbrosa Stev. et DC., Tilia rubra DC., Vicia pisiformis L. In the Biological Diversity Act are included total of 51 species. In the category „protected” (Application 3) are included 23 species: Aesculus hippocastanum L., Anacamptis pyramidalis C. Rich., Anemone sylvestris L., Anthemis regis-borisii Stoj. et Acht., Artemisia pedemontana Balb., Campanula euxina (Vel.) Ancev, Centaurea marshalliana Spreng., Cyclamen coum Mill., Epipactis purpurata Smith, Fritillaria pontica Wahl., Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus nivalis L., Galium rubioides L., Haplophyllum thesioides G. Don., Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch, Juniperus sabina L., Jurinea ledebourii Bunge, Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw., Ophrys apifera Huds., Ophrys cornuta Stev., Ophrys mammosa Desf., Ruta graveolens L., Taxus baccata L. In the category “under protection and under controlled use” (Application 4) are 28 species: Asparagus tenuifolius Lam., Asparagus verticillatus L., Bupleurum affine Sadl., Bupleurum apiculatum Friv., Bupleurum praealtum L., Bupleurum rotundifolium L., Crocus flavus West., Crocus pallasii Bieb., Dactylorhiza saccifera (Brongn.) Soo,
Dimcho Zahariev, Elka Radoslavova / Ovidius University Annals of Biology-Ecology 14: 25-31 (2010) Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Echinops sphaerocephalos L., Gypsophila paniculata L., Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Mornh., Lilium martagon L., Orchis morio L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Orchis simia Lam., Orchis tridentata Scop., Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth, Primula veris L., Ruscus aculeatus L., Ruscus hypoglossum L., Salix caprea L., Scilla bifolia L., Stipa capillata L., Stipa pulcherrima C. Koch, Stipa tirsa Stev. Prohibited is the collecting ofherbs from the natural habitats of 12 species: Althaea officinalis L., Asarum europaeum L., Asplenium trichomanes L., Convallaria majalis L., Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Mornh., Orchis morio L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Orchis simia Lam., Orchis tridentata Scop., Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm., Ruscus aculeatus L., Valeriana officinalis L. Under a controlled use are 6 species: Berberis vulgaris L., Betonica officinalis L., Carlina acanthifolia All., Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., Primula veris L., Sedum acre L. Endemic species (Figure 1) are relatively well represented – 29 species (3.69% of all species on the plateau). Their number is close to the nation-wide average – 4.86% [24]. This group includes 17 Balkan subendemites: Campanula grossekii Heuff., Campanula lingulata W. et K., Carduus candicans Waldst. et Kit., Chaerophyllum byzantinum Boiss., Doronicum orientale Hoffm., Galium heldreichii Hal., Galium paschale Forsskal, Galium pseudoaristatum Schur., Ophrys cornuta Stev., Pseudolysimachion barrelieri (Schott ex Roem. et Schult.) Holub, Salvia amplexicaulis Lam., Senecio papposus (Reichenb.) Less., Stachys obliqua Waldst. et Kit., Symphytum ottomanum Friv., Syringa vulgaris L., Thesium simplex Vel., Verbascum lychnitis L. The Balkan endemites are 9 species: Achillea clypeolata Sibth. et Sm., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Bupleurum apiculatum Friv., Inula aschersoniana Janka, Knautia macedonica Griseb., Koeleria simonkaii Adam., Onosma thracica Vel., Salvia ringens Sibth. et Sm., Sesleria latifolia (Adam.) Deg. The Bulgarian endemites are 3 species: Anthemis regis-borisii Stoj. et Acht., Campanula euxina (Vel.) Ancev, Myosotis aspera Vel. Data for the relict species on the area of the plateau was first published by Zahariev and Radoslavova [14]. The flora of the plateau included 29 significant number of relict species – 42 (Figure 1). They account for 5.34% of the total species. The majority of them, 39 species, are Tertiary relicts: Abies alba Mil., Acer campestre L., Acer hyrcanum Fisch. et C. A. Meyer, Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer tataricum L., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Betula pendula Roth, Carpinus betulus L., Carpinus orientalis Mill., Celtis glabrata Steven, Cercis siliquastrum L., Clematis vitalba L., Corylus avellana L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Cyclamen coum Mill., Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus ornus L., Hedera helix L., Juniperus communis L., Lathyrus aureus (Stev.) Brandza, Pastinaca umbrosa Stev. et DС., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Steud., Picea abies (L.) Karsten, Pinus nigra Arn., Populus alba L., Populus nigra L., Populus tremula L., Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn., Quercus cerris L., Quercus dalechampii Ten., Ruscus aculeatus L., Ruscus hypoglossum L., Salix alba L., Salix caprea L., Taxus baccata L., Ulmus laevis Pall., Ulmus minor Mill., Viburnum lantana L., Viscum album L. They were widespread during the Tertiary, but their habitats today are much smaller. The second group are quaternary relicts. They have become part of our flora as a result of glaciation during the Quaternary. Therefore, they are considered glacial relicts. On the plateau, there are two such species: Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. and Galanthus nivalis L. From the third group, the postglacial steppe relict, only one species is found: Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. et Kit. The species with highest conservation value, i.e. those that fall into the categories of being endangered and vulnerable, are 24 in number. With the highest conservation value is Cyclamen coum Mill., which is included in 6 different lists of endangered species: Directive 92/43/ЕЕС, CITES, IUCN Red List, Red book, BDA, Tertiary relicts. Second comes the group of the species Galanthus nivalis L. and Limodorum abortivum (L.) Sw. They appear in 5 different lists: CITES, IUCN Red List, Red book, BDA, quaternary relicts. This also applies to Aesculus hippocastanum L., which is included in the following lists: IUCN Red List, Red book, BDA, Balkan endemites, Tertiary relicts. The third group of species that is listed in 4 lists is Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch. (Directive 92/43/ЕЕС, CITES, IUCN Red List, ЗБР), Anthemis regis-borisii Stoj. et Acht. (IUCN Red List,
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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