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Ovidius University Annals of Natural Sciences, Biology – Ecology Series Volume 14, 2010 IDENTIFICATION OF SOME ROSE GENITORS WITH RESISTANCE TO THE PATHOGENS AGENTS ATTACK *Marioara TRANDAFIRESCU, Corina GAVĂT, Iulian TRANDAFIRESCU and Elena DOROFTEI *Ovidius University of Constanţa, Natural Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology Mamaia Avenue, No. 124, Constanţa, 900552, Romania, e-mail: mtrandafirescu@yahoo.com ________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: In the South-Eastern Romania, as in all country the rose culture is higly praised for its ornamental value both in parks and domestic garden. In this zone of our country the rose culture is more important because the Black Seaside provide a better enviroment (82 km). Beside the growing of forign cultivars from Europe Companies, Romania has done a breeding work to develop autochtonous cultivars (Rusticana, Ambasador, Bordura de nea, Rosagold, Simina, etc.) better adapted to our local conditions. In rose breeding besides the ornamental value of these flowers (nice leaves, colours and shapes) the disease resistance has been taken into acount. Among the specific pathogens very harmful for the rose culture, one can mention: Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr) Lev var rosae Woron (powdery mildew), Diplocarpon rosae Wolf (black spott), Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers) Schlecht (rose rust) and Botrytis cinerea Pers (grey mold). One of the most effective methods to prevent these pathogens attack is breeding new cultivar and genically resistant genitors. These paper present the behaviour of 50 genotypes from rose collection of Fruit Growing Development of Fruit Tree Constanta and their response of such pathogens. The conditions of natural infections allowed grouping the biological material in 4 classes of resistance. This clasifications was done acording to levels of frequency (F%) and intensity (I). The rose cultivars with genetic resistance to this pathogens are: Queen Elisabeth, Foc de tabara, Rubin, Parfum, Emerald d’or, Bel Ange, Apogee. Keywords: black spott, powdery mildew, rose rust, genitors, resistance __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction From the oldest times the rose was considered "Queen of The Flowers" due its beauty, perfume, richness in colors and multiple shapes of the grown cultivars. Therefore, the rose place is in the front of the ornamental species used for park and gardens decoration and for cut-flowers production. Unfortunately, the rose as many other cultivated plants can suffer due to the attack of some very damaging pathogens. Under favorable conditions, the pathogens can determine the partial or total defoliation of the plants, they become weak and the cut-flowers production can be diminished by quantity and quality as well. In order to prevent and control the pathogens specific to the roses, the studies carried out in Romania and in the World, were focused on identification of the species responsible for the diseases occurrence and knowledge of their biology (Bedian, 1980, Bernardis, 2004, Ostaciuc, 1982, Sandu 2004, Szekelly, 1981, Wagner, 2002), and on the other hand, was investigated the efficacy of some fungicides in order to control them(Bon and coll, 1978, Morrison, 1978, Hagan and coll 1988, Losing, 1988, Qvarnstrom, 1989, Raabe, 1989, Rolim and col, 1990, etc). The results obtained in the World (Saunders, 1970; Klimenko, 1973; Simonyan, 1973; Semina, 1980, 1984; Palmer, 1978; Costlediene, 1981) and in our country (Costache, 1993, Argatu, 1993, Sekely, 1981, Wagner, 2002) clearly emphasized that the most efficient method to prevent the attack of the pathogens is the creation and extension in the culture of some roses cultivars genetically resistant to diseases. Therefore, the researches carried out during 2008-2009 at Research Station for Fruit Growing ISSN-1453-1267 © 2010 Ovidius University Press
Identification of some rose genitors with resistance... / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 55-59 (2010) Constanta had as central objective the evaluation of some roses cultivars behavior to some key pathogens in order to identify some resistance donors genitors for further breeding works. In the reference area the pathogens of economic importance for the rose culture are Diplocarpon rosae Wolf, Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr)Lev var rosae Woron şi Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers) Schlecht. 2. Material and Methods The biological material for investigations was represented by 50 roses cultivars preserved in the collection owned by Research Station for Fruit Growing Constanţa. Observation were made regarding the attack frequency (F%) and intensity (I notes) of the pathogens Diplocarpon rosa, Sphaerotheca pannosa var rosae and Phragmidium mucronatum, and finally the attack degree (AD) was calculated For disease intensity (I notes) the scale „0-6” was used. The observations were carried out in the period of attack maximum for each of three key pathogens studied. According the attack degree (A.D.) value, the cultivars were classified in five resistance classes as follow: - resistant (R) cu A.D.= 0-5% - slightly attacked (SA) with A.D. = 5.0-12.5% - medium resistant (MR) with A.D. = 12.5-22.5% - sensible (S) with A.D. = 22.5-37.6% - very sensible (VS) with A.D. = more than 37,6% To establish the D.L., in order to establish the five classes of cultivars the average value took into calculations ws 22.9%. 3. Results and Discussions In 2008, the attack of Diplocarpon rosae, fungi which determine the black spot disease was evidenced on rose cultivars in the third decade of May, being stimulated by the amount of precipitation at the vegetation start (114,9 mm) and by the high atmospheric relative humidity (over 75%). The disease symptoms occurrence on leaves consisted in some black spots, between 2-5 mm up to 56 10-18 mm in diameter, highly visible on the superior face of the leaves. (Fig.1). Fig. 1. Pătarea neagră a frunzelor de trandafir – Diplocarpon rosae Under such condition, presented in table 1, the (natural) genetic resistance to the pathogen attack manifested the cultivars: Emerande d’or, Grad Premiere, Traviata, Apogee, Luchian, Monica, Coup de Foudre and Tour Eiffel. The cultivars: Baccara, Pascali, Bel Ange, Creole, Dame de Coeur and Ingrid Bergman vere evidenced as slightly attacked (SA); and the cultivars: Flamenco, Karla, Rumba, Maria Callas, Grand Mogol and Montezuma were evidenced as medium resistant (MR). Very sensible (V.S) leaves black spot attack proved to be the cultivars Mainzer Fastnacht, Rose Gaujard, Kordes Perfecta, Detroit, Horido şi Konigin der Rosen, but they can be used as indicators for this disease. At this group of cultivars the plants were premature defoliated at the end of July. The climatic conditions from the Black Sea coast, characterized by strong wind, high temperature during the day (26-28 o C) and the presence of the water condense on the vegetative organs of the plants favorised, the occurrence of the powdery mildew attack produced by Sphaerotheca pannosa var rosae fungi starting with the last decade of May. The symptoms were noticed initially on the both sides of the leaves as irregular white dusty spots (Fig.2).
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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