VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

Dimcho Zahariev, Desislav Dimitrov / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 17-23 (2010)
temperate region is the reason for the prevalence of
circumboreal and European floristic elements. At the
same time, the impact of the continentalmediterranean
region in terms of the Black Sea and
the karst topography create conditions for the
development of a large number of mediterranean
species.
The flora of the plateau includes significant
number of relict species: 29. They account for 7.71%
of the total number of species. The majority of the
relict species are Tertiary relicts. They are 28 species:
Abies alba Mil., Acer campestre L., Acer
pseudoplatanus L., Acer tataricum L., Aesculus
hippocastanum L., Betula pendula Roth, Carpinus
betulus L., Carpinus orientalis Mill., Celtis australis
L., Cercis siliquastrum L., Clematis vitalba L.,
Corylus avellana L., Cotinus coggygria Scop.,
Fraxinus excelsior L., Fraxinus ornus L., Hedera
helix L., Juniperus communis L., Picea abies (L.)
Karsten, Pinus nigra Arn., Populus alba L., Populus
nigra L., Ruscus aculeatus L., Salix alba L., Salix
caprea L., Smilax excelsa L., Taxus baccata L.,
Ulmus minor Mill., Viscum album L. One of the relict
species is quaternary – Galanthus nivalis L.
39 species with protection statute are described.
One of them – Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C.
Koch., is included in the list of species, protected by
the Berne Convention and Natura 2000. In CITES 10
species are included: Adonis vernalis L., Anacamptis
pyramidalis C. Rich., Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil.,
Galanthus nivalis L., Himantoglossum caprinum
(Bieb.) C. Koch., Orchis morio L., Orchis purpurea
Huds., Orchis simia L., Orchis tridentata Scop.,
Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Rchb. In the IUCN
Red List for Bulgaria 5 species are included under the
category „Threatened”: Aesculus hippocastanum L.,
Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus nivalis L.,
Juniperus sabina L., Taxus baccata L., 2 species are
included under the category „Vulnerable”:
Anacamptis pyramidalis C. Rich., Himantoglossum
caprinum (Bieb.) C. Koch, 2 species are in the
category „Nearly threatened”: Anemone sylvestris L.,
Cercis siliquastrum L. and 1 species is included in
the category „Of least concern”: Tilia rubra DC. In
the Red book for Bulgaria 4 species are included in
the category „Endangered”: Aesculus hippocastanum
L., Anemone sylvestris L., Galanthus nivalis L.,
Taxus baccata L. and 4 species are included in the
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category „Rare”: Artemisia pontica L., Cercis
siliquastrum L., Juniperus sabina L., Tilia rubra DC.
In the Biological Diversity Act 8 species are included
in the category „Protected”: Aesculus hippocastanum
L., Anacamptis pyramidalis C. Rich., Anemone
sylvestris L., Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus
nivalis L., Himantoglossum caprinum (Bieb.) C.
Koch., Juniperus sabina L., Taxus baccata L. In the
category “Under the protection and regulated use of
nature” are 14 species: Asparagus officinalis L.,
Crocus pallasii Bieb., Echinops sphaerocephalos L.,
Gypsophila paniculata L., Helichrysum areanrium
(L.) Moench., Lilium martagon L., Orchis morio L.,
Orchis purpurea Huds., Orchis simia L., Orchis
tridentata Scop., Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)
Druce, Ruscus aculeatus L., Salix caprea L., Scilla
bifolia L. Collecting herbs is prohibited from the
natural habitats of 15 species: Adonis vernalis L.,
Althaea officinalis L., Artemisia santonicum L.,
Asarum europaeum L., Asplenium trichomanes L.,
Convallaria majalis L., Glaucium flavum Crantz,
Helichrysum areanrium (L.) Moench., Orchis morio
L., Orchis purpurea Huds., Orchis simia L., Orchis
tridentata Scop., Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.)
Newm., Ruscus aculeatus L., Valeriana officinalis L.
Under a restrictive regime are 4 species: Berberis
vulgaris L., Carlina acanthifolia All., Galium
odoratum (L.) Scop., Sedum acre L.
The anthropophytes among the medicinal plants
are 236 species (62.77%). Many of them are
considered weed or ruderal plants. The most common
as weed are: Anagallis arvensis L., Brassica nigra
(L.) Koch, Centaurea cyanus L., Chenopodium
album L., Chenopodium polyspermum L., Consolida
hispanica (Costa) Greut. et Burdet, Consolida regalis
S. F. Gray, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Datura
stramonium L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill, Nigella
arvensis L., Papaver rhoeas L., Senecio vulgaris L.,
Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Thlaspi arvense L.,
Xanthium strumarium L. Оf the ruderal plants most
common are: Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench.,
Cardaria draba (L.) Desv., Chamomilla recutita (L.)
Rausch., Chelidonium majus L., Conium maculatum
L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., Heracleum
sibiricum L., Lactuca serriola L., Parietaria
lusitanica L., Sambucus ebulus L., Solanum
dulcamara L., Urtica dioica L.