VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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Dimcho Zahariev, Desislav Dimitrov / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 17-23 (2010) Fabaceae (28), Rosaceae (26), Brassicaceae (15), Apiaceae (15), Ranunculaceae (12) and Scrophulariaceae (11). Almost all genera (98.85%) are represented by 1- 4 species. Most species – more than 5 have only 1.15% of the genera (Table 3): Centaurea, Geranium and Thymus. Table 2. Families with greatest number of species Families Species Asteraceae 42 Lamiaceae 41 Fabaceae 28 Rosaceae 26 Brassicaceae 15 Apiaceae 15 Ranunculaceae 12 Scrophulariaceae 11 Boraginaceae 9 Caryophyllaceae 9 Orchidaceae 7 Geraniaceae 6 Polygonaceae 6 Solanaceae 6 Aspleniaceae 5 Oleaceae 5 Poaceae 5 Rubiaceae 5 Salicaceae 5 Table 3. Genera with greatest number of species Families Genera Species Asteraceae Centaurea 5 Geraniaceae Geranium 5 Lamiaceae Thymus 5 In the analysis of the life forms were obtained the following results (Table 4): The phanerophytes (Ph) are represented by 86 species. The megaphanerophytes are represented by 10 species, the most common of which are: Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Gleditsia triacanthos L., Pinus sylvestris L., Quercus frainetto Ten., Quercus robur L. 19 The mezophanerophytes are 35 species, of which essential are: Acer campestre L., Acer pseudoplatanus L., Carpinus betulus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus ornus L., Tilia tomentosa Moench, Ulmus minor Mill. The microphanerophytes are 27 species, the most common of which are: Acer tataricum L., Cornus mas L., Corylus avellana L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Hedera helix L., Ligustrum vulgare L., Paliurus spina-christi Mill., Prunus spinosa L., Rosa canina L., Rubus caesius L., Sambucus nigra L. The nanophanerophytes are 11 species, which are essential: Clematis vitalba L., Genista tinctoria L., Teucrium chamaedrys L., Teucrium polium L. The succulents are represented by 3 species: Sedum acre L., Sedum album L. and Sedum maximum (L.) Suter. Table 4. Life forms Group Subgroup Species Megaphanerophytes 10 Mezophanerophytes 35 Phanerophytes Microphanerophytes 27 (Ph) Nanophanerophytes 11 Epiphytes – Succulents 3 Hamephytes (Ch) 5 Hemi cryptophytes (H) 65 Therophyte – hemi cryptophytes 45 (Th-H) Cryptophytes Geophytes 126 (Cr) Helophytes 1 Hydrophytes – Therophytes (Th) 48 The group of hamephytes (Ch) includes 5 species: Dictamnus albus L., Ruscus aculeatus L., Satureia montana L., Thymus jankae Čelak., Thymus zygioides Griseb. The hemi cryptophytes (H) are 65 species, of which most common are: Agrimonia eupatoria L., Carlina vulgaris L., Cichorium intybus L., Clinopodium vulgare L., Echium vulgare L., Eryngium campestre L., Lotus corniculatus L., Marrubium peregrinum L., Plantago lanceolata L.,
The medicinal plants of the Provadiisko Plateau / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 17-23 (2010) Plantago media L., Polygala major Jacq., Ranunculus ficaria L., Salvia nemorosa L., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Taraxacum officinale Web., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Verbena officinalis L., Viola odorata L. The transition group therophytes – hemi cryptophytes (Th-H) comprises 45 species, of which essential are: Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara et Grande, Arctium lappa L., Capsella bursa-pastoris Moench., Daucus carota L., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L̀ Her., Heracleum sibiricum L., Malva sylvestris L., Plantago major L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Tordylium maximum L., Verbascum densiflorum Bertol., Viola tricolor L. The group of cryptophytes (Cr) is the largest and includes 127 species. Their significant proportion can be explained by the dominance of forest habitats within the plateau. Geophytes dominate with total of 126 species; the most widespread of them are: Achillea millefolium L., Anemone ranunculoides L., Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Chelidonium majus L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Coronilla varia L., Fragaria vesca L., Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil., Galanthus nivalis L., Geum urbanum L., Isopyrum thalictroides L., Potentilla argentea L., Sanguisorba minor Scop., Scilla bifolia L., Urtica dioica L. The helophytes is represented by one species only: Typha latifolia L. The therophytes (Th) are 48 species. The most widespread are: Galium aparine L., Lactuca serriola L., Lamium purpureum L., Lolium temulentum L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Papaver rhoeas L., Parietaria lusitanica L., Xeranthemum annuum L. The largest group species in terms of biological types (Figure 1) are perennial plants (p) – 200 species (53.19%). Their dominance can be explained with the wide variety of communities and habitats within the plateau. The annual plants (a) are 48 species (12.77%), which can be explained by the presence of dry rocky terrain and arable lands on the plateau. The tree species (t) are 39 (10.37%). The next group includes shrubs (sh) – 29 species (7.71%). The transition group from annual to biennial plants (a-b) includes 19 species (5.05%). The biennial plants (b) are 13 species (3.46%). There are species from transition group from tree to shrubs (sh-t) with 12 20 species (3.19%) and species from transition group from biennial to perennial plants (b-p) – 11 species (2.92%). The largest group includes annual as well as perennial plants (a-p) and is represented by 5 species (1.33%). 29 12 39 200 Fig. 1. Biological types The specific physiographic conditions on the Provadiisko Plateau determined considerable diversity of floristic elements. 7 different types of floristic elements are established (Table 5). The dominant elements are elements from circumboreal type – 136 species (36.17%), followed by European elements – 101 species (26.86%) and Mediterranean elements – 67 species (17.82%). The endemic component is represented by 4 species (1.06%). It includes 3 Balkan endemites – Achillea clypeolata Sibth. et Sm., Aesculus hippocastanum L., Inula aschersoniana Janka and 1 Balkan subendemite – Syringa vulgaris L. Table 5. Floristic elements Floristic elements Species Circumboreal type 136 European type 101 Mediterranean type 67 Pontic type 27 Adventive type 20 Cosmopolitan type 19 Balkan endemic and subendemic type 4 Other 2 This distribution can be explained by the location of the plateau in the transcontinental climate region. The proximity of the plateau to the border of a 48 19 5 13 11 a a-b a-p b b-p p sh sh-t t
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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