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Maria Cristina Ponepal et al./ Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 83-88 (2010) Champion 0.003 1 1 1 9 9 9 After 7 and 14 days of exposure to three 0 0 0 fungicide (Bravo, Champion and Tiradin) we found 0.03 1 1 1 9 8 8 out a significant decrease in the number of 0 0 0 erythrocytes. Similarly results were obtained in carp 0.3 1 1 1 9 8 7 by Hughes [15] after a brief exposure to 0 0 0 Methadathion. The decrease in RBC after 7 days 3 1 1 9 8 6 4 exposure to some pesticides in fish was observed by 0 0 Dhembare and Pondha [16], Ponepal et al. [13], Contr 1 1 1 1 10 9 [14]. ol lot 0 0 0 0 The fungicide Tilt, in concentration of 1 ml/l Tilt 0.25 1 1 1 1 10 10 water has an stimulatory effect of erythocytes 0 0 0 0 number. 0.5 1 1 1 1 9 9 In experimental variants with Tiradin and Tilt 0 0 0 0 have only been observed three stages of the 1 1 1 1 9 9 8 sympthomatologicycal scheme described by 0 0 0 Schäperclaus for the intoxicated fish [10]. 2 8 6 3 2 0 0 Neurotoxic effects in rats from thiram exposure 4 7 4 0 0 0 0 has been noticed by Lee and Peters [17]. Table 1 shows the data on fish mortality during the experiments. Chlorothalonil toxicity is lower than that indicated in the literature [2], [3], which is due both to the testing method (semi-static) and the fact that no pure chemical product has been used. Tiradin Contr ol lot 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 1 0 10 10 10 10 8 1 0 10 10 10 10 7 1 0 10 10 10 8 6 1 0 10 10 10 8 4 10 10 10 8 6 1 9 10 10 6 5 1 Contr 10 10 10 10 10 10 Table 1. Lethal effect of some fungicide on prussian carp ol lot Experimental variants (fungicide Conc entrat ion - ml/l, mg/l Bravo 0.000 7812 5 0.001 5625 0.003 125 0.006 25 0.012 25 Contr ol lot The number of living specimens Immersion time (hours) 24 48 72 96 168 33 6 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 10 9 9 8 7 10 10 9 9 8 6 10 10 9 8 7 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 87 4. Conclusions The fungicides investigated (Bravo, Champion, Tilt and Tiradin) have changed the respiratory rhythm of prussian carps. For all concentrations tested the effect of Bravo and Tilt fungicide is initially stimulating and inhibitory as regards the frequency of respiratory movements. In two experimental variants (0.01 and 0.02 ml/l water) Tiradin is stimulating of the breathing frequency of fish; at the concentration of 0.04, 0.08 and 0.16 ml/l water, the fungicide caused a decrease in the respiratory rhythm of prussian carps. The fungicide Bravo, had an overall stimulating effect on oxygen consumption of prussian carps in the first phase followed by restoration of energy metabolism after 7 days of exposure to toxic. The fungicide Champion, under the concentrations of 0.003 and 3 mg/l water, had, after
Changes of some physiological parameters… / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 83-88 (2010) 96 hours of exposure, a stimulatory effect on oxygen consumption for the prussian carp. The other two fungicides tested (Tiradin and Tilt) have an inhibitory effect on oxygen consumption for the prussian carps. After seven and 14 days of exposure to Bravo 500 SC (0.078125 x 10 -3 to 12.5 x 10 -3 ml/l water) and Champion (0,003 mg/l water) at 16-18 ºC we found out a significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes of prusian carp. Tilt 250, in concentration of 1 ml/l water causess a increase in the prussian carps erythrocytes (after 7 and 14 days of exposure). 5. References [1] http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/chloroth.htm [2] KIDD H and JAMES DR, 1991 - Eds. The Agrochemicals Handbook, Third Edition. Royal Society of Chemistry Information Services, Cambridge, UK, (as updated). 6-10 [3] DAVIES PE AND WHITE RWG, 1985 - The toxicology and metabolism of chlorothalonil in fish. 1. Lethal levels for Salmo gairdneri, Galaxias maculatus, G. truttaceus and G. auratus and the fate of super(14)C-TCIN in S. gairdneri , Aquatic Toxicology, 7 (1-2). pp. 93-105. [4] HORNE MT and DUNSON WA, 1995 - Effects of low pH, metals, and water hardness on larval amphibians, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 29:500-505 [5] THOMSON WT, 1997- Agricultural Chemicals. Book IV: Fungicides. 12th edition, Thomson Publications, Fresno, CA [6] http://www.epa.gov/ngispgm3/iris/irisdat [7] http://www3.bae.ncsu.edu/info1/courses [8] HOWARD PH, 1989 - Pesticides. In : Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, pp.4-20 [9] www.epa.gov/HPV/pubs/summaries [10] PICOS CA, NASTASESCU GH, 1988 - Lucrări practice de fiziologie animală. Tipografia Universităţii din Bucureşti, p.107, 122-123, 192- 195. [11] ŞERBAN M, CIMPEANU G, IONESCU EMANUELA, 1993 - Metode de laborator în 88 biochimia animală, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti, 252 pp. [12] MARINESCU AG, DRĂGHICI O, PONEPAL C, PĂUNESCU A, 2004 - The influence of fungicide (Dithane M-45) on some physiological indices in the prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch), International Association for Danube Research, Novi Sad, 35: 209-214 [13] PONEPAL MC, PĂUNESCU A, MARINESCU AG., DRĂGHICI O, 2009 - Effect of the Fungicide Chlorothalonil (Bravo) on Some Physiological Parameters in Prussian Carp, Lucrări ştiinţifice USAMV Iaşi, seria Horticultură, vol 52. [14] PONEPAL M., PĂUNESCU A, MARINESCU AG, DRĂGHICI O, 2009 - The Changes of Some Physiological Parameters in Prussian Carp Under The Action of the Tilt Fungicide, Bulletin UASVM, Cluj, 2009, 66. [15] HUGHES G., SZEGLETES T, NEMCSOK KJ. 1995 - Haematological and biological changes in the blood of carp (Cyprinus carpio) following brief exposure to an organophosphoric insecticide (Methidathion),Abs.Int.Biond.Symp.Cesze Budejovice, May [16] DHEMBARE AJ, PONDHA GM, 2000 - Haematological changes in fish. Punctius sophore exposed to some insecticides, J.Expt. Zoo. India, 3(1), 41-44. [17] LEE CC and PETERS PJ, 1967 - Neurotoxicity and behaviour effects of thiuram in rats, . Envir. Health Perspectives, 17:35-43.
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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