VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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Ovidius University Annals of Natural Sciences, Biology – Ecology Series Volume 14, 2010 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BIOMETRICAL AND PHYTOBIOLOGICAL STUDY ON WILD GARLIC Mariana LUPOAE*, Dragomir COPREAN*, Rodica DINICĂ**,Paul LUPOAE*** * Ovidius University Constanţa, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Street Mamaia, nr. 124, Constanţa, 900527, România, mariana_lupoaie@yahoo.com ** Dunărea de Jos University Galaţi, Faculty of Science, Street Domnească no. 47, 800008, Galaţi, rodinica@ugal.ro *** Natural Sciences Museum Complex Galaţi-Botanical Garden, Street Regiment 11 Siret no. 6A, 800340 Galaţi, paul_lupoae@yahoo.com _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The purpose of our study was the biometrical and phytobiological analysis of leafs and bulbs on wild garlic. This species grows spontaneously in the Romanian flora and was harvested for obtaining the drugs on Măcin Mountains (Luncavita Forest), at altitudes of 150÷200m. By macroscopic examinations in different phenophasis established in the area study extended population with Allium ursinum L. ssp. ucrainicum Kleopow et Oxner (Fam. Alliaceae). The biometrical calculation have been performed according to the literature, early spring, in months february, march, april and may of year 2010. Leaves finesse expressed by l/L is different: march l/L=32÷37%; april l/L=22÷30%; may l/L=16÷28%. Language leaf mature surface is between 71,24÷145,2 cm². Average mass bulbs = 2,4 g/buc and length by 12 mm to 50 mm. Keywords: wild garlic; Allium ursinum L. subsp. ucrainicum; leafes and bulbs; biometry. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction The Allium genus includes approximately 500 species spread worldwide. Allium ursinum L. is a monocots on family Alliaceae and is widely in Europa, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Siberia up to the Kamchatka Peninsula. In Romania this species ”mezohigrofita” grows in frequent clusters at the shadows of the trees. It has elliptical-lanceolat leaves with white flowers grouped and from the biochemical point consist through the presence of the ether oils with sulfur, that are giving their own smell [1-3]. Under various popular names- buckrams, wild garlic, broad-leaved garlic, wood garlic, sremuš or bear's garlic- this species is used by locals in preparations for spring salad and is very appreciated for many qualities. They have been shown to have applications as antimicrobial, antithrombotic, antitumor, hypolipidaemic, antiarthritic and hypoglycemic agents [4-8]. The last researches about the population of A. ursinum from Romania put in evidence differences of biomass depending of the geographic area and the local pedoclimatic conditions. Wild garlic is a plant which grows on soils with high mineral trophicity and takes place into the “megatroph” category with the value V= 85-100 % [9]. The opportunity of this biometrical and phytobiological studies consist in the representation of some morphologic-bulbus,folium,flores-by wild garlic elements harvested from the Luncavita Forest (Macin Mountains), a plant with high pharmaceutic potential. 2. Material and Methods The harvesting of the bilological material that was realized with the agreement of the O.S. Macin that manages the area of the Luncavita Forest (U.P.I.”Izvorul lui Gavrila”). ISSN-1453-1267 © 2010 Ovidius University Press
Contribution to the biometrical and phytibiological.../Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 67-71 (2010) The macroscopic exam served as a review of the observed characters with free eye or with the magnifer and as sensory through the perception of the smell and the taste on the informations contained in the bibliography of speciality and own researches [10, 11]. The biometrical observations were obtained based on the published biometrical calculation methods. The surface of the leaves was measured with the help of a mathematic model by the summing of the geometrical figures distributed uniformly on an sample of 30 leaves [12]. Some representative examples indentified on the area are stored in the Herbarium of Botanical Garden Galati and of the Pharmacy and Medicine Faculty of “Dunarea de Jos” University Galati. 3. Results and Discussions A.ursinum grows on big areas in the Luncavita Forest only in north hills or near the water. Sometimes this species can be found in other zones but in low population. The acompaining flora is composed by different species like: Corydalis solida, Asarum europaeum, Corylus avellana, Tilia tomentosa, Hedera helix, Polygonatum latifolium, Scilla bifolia, Carpinus betulus, Viola odorata, Ranunculus ficaria, Lamium purpureum, Galium aparine, Geum urbanum, Anthriscus cerefolium, Muscari botryoides and others. Our observations show us that under the shrubs (Corylus avellana) known for its organic requestsrich soils,deep,loose- and a rich litter,wild garlic reaches the base of the shrubs [14]. Also,the power of growing and penetration of the wild garlic was noticed even through the woody,halfdescomposed fragments (Fig. 1). Simple bulbs or two united can be found at a relative depth small in the soil (3-5cm) especially in the humus layer and they have good developed roots and branched by 3÷15cm length (Fig.2). The appearance of the leaves are leveled:first in March, the second simultaneous with the third (by case). The most of the plants have two leaves. 68 Fig. 1. The escape of the wild garlic through the wood fragments ( original photo) Biometric analysis consists of the following items (Table 1): the leaf length (L), the leaf width (l), the petiole length (Lp), the percentage ratio-leaf finesse (l/L), number ribs (R), mass of green leafs (M). On the bulbs (Table 2, Fig. 4) were measured the length (L), the mass (M), diameter (D) and number of the roots (No.roots). Our biometric studies made on the leaves of A.ursinum shou that the rapport between the width and the length of the limb leaf is conversely proportional with the procedure of growing (Fig.3):in March l/L=32÷37%; in April l/L=22÷30%; in May l/L=16÷28%. The form of the leaves at the immature plant from March is predominant ovat-eliptical and at mature in May is elliptical lanceolat. The growing in length of the petiole is more pronounced in April 104÷280mm. The arch parallel nervatiune is numerical constant in all of the phases. The surface of the limb leaf mature is contained between 71,24÷145,2 cm² and the weight of the green leaves is 24,49 g/10 mature leaves. So it can be confirmed that the foliar biomass of the population of A.ursinum from Luncavita Forest is lower by comparison with the morphological studies on the same harvestes species from Botosani area ( 35,85 g/10 leafes) [8].
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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