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Elena Doroftei et al. / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 89-97 (2010) on manganese and lead concentration and treatment period. For a treatment with MnSO4 solution in concentration of 0.01% for 24 h treatment, it was observed cells with big nuclei and unorganized and vacuolated features. The un-organizing process is due probably to some disequilibrium occurred as a consequence of genetic material accumulation in a too big quantity. The treatment with MnSO4 solution in concentration of 0.01% for 6 h treatment it was observed that the majority of cells were in interphase and prophase and after 24 h of treatment cell plasmolysis occurred for non dividing cells. The treatment with Pb(NO3)2 solution in concentration of 0,0001% and 0,005%, for 6 or 24 h treatments, induced a decrease in mitotic division frequency. For a treatment with Pb(NO3)2 of 0,01%, for 24 h a significant decrease cells in mitotic division frequency it was registered as a result of summing the effects of high concentration and long period of treatment. For this later variant, nuclei unregulated in shape and size were observed and chromosome appeared either big with a relaxed chromatin either small but presenting a compact chromatin and unregulated shape. For lead too, for a concentration of 0.01% for 6 h there were observed predominantly cells in interphase or prophase and after 24 h of treatment the cell plasmolysis occurred in the non-dividing cells. The studied heavy metals solutions may have according to our results the following negative effects: 1. slowing down the cell division rate (figs. 1-16) 2. frequent cell degradation appearance (figs. 7,8,9,10,11,13,14 ) 3. dehydration effect at cell level frequently inducing cell plasmolysis, more drastically at 24 h treatment (figs. 9,10,11,15,16,17) 4. heterochromatinization during prophase (figs. 6,7,8,13,14) 5. changes in the nuclei shape becoming elongated (figs. 6,7,8) 91 6. degradation of the nucleic material in the completed destroyed cells (figs. 6,7,8,13,14) 7. an early chloroplasts formatting can be observed (figs. 9,10,12,15,16,17). In all variants, comparing to the control, a decreasing in the mitotic index was observed (figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). We recorded the lack of cells in anaphase for the following variants: 3, 6 and 11. For the control as well as for the treated variants the predominance of prophase and telophases towards the metaphases and anaphases was registered (fig. 5). The highest percentage of dividing cells is registered for the variant no. 1 (4%) and it is shown in tab. no. 2. The biggest number of cells in prophase (19) in variant 1 was registered (tab. 2). For metaphase the biggest number of cells was registered in variant 7 (14) followed by in variants 1 and 9 (11). These data support the idea that among heavy metals, manganese in large quantities impedes the normal roots growth for higher plants as a consequence of cell division negative effects induced for the meristematic cells in Triticum aestivum. Faze de diviziune % 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Profaze Metafaze Anafaze Telofaze Fig. 1. Mitotic division phase’s frequency in Triticum aestivum treated with MnSO4 for 6 hours.
Cytogenetic effects induced by manganese... / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 89-97 (2010) Faze de diviziune % 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fig. 2. Mitotic division phase’s frequency in Triticum aestivum treated with MnSO4 for 24 hours. Faze de diviziune % Fig.3. Mitotic division phase’s frequency in Triticum aestivum treated with Pb(NO3)2 for 6 hours. Faze de diviziune % 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 M t V i t V i t V i t Fig.4. Mitotic division phase’s frequency in Triticum aestivum treated with Pb(NO3)2 for 24 hours. Profaze Metafaze Anafaze Telofaze Profaze Metafaze Anafaze Telofaze Profaze Metafaze Anafaze Telofaze 92 Fig.5. Root meristematic cells in control of Triticum aestivum. It can be observed cells in prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytochinesis (200x). Fig.6. Root meristematic cells in Triticum aestivum treated with MnSO4 0.0001% for 6 h. It can be observed cells without content and cells in prophase and telophase. The nuclei are hypertrophic with obviously hetero-chromatinisations and vacuolisations (150x).
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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