VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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Alina Păunescu et al. / Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 79-82 (2010) decrease of 53.07% was found in the treated frog individuals. Similar results were obtained at 22-24ºC when the numbers of leukocytes decrease by 68.81% of the control value. Similar effects have been carried out by [10] studying the effects of chloropyrifos on mice. number of leukocytes/ml blood 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 423.9444 516.3333 226.3889 209.9444 303 195.8889 198.9444 161 control Carbetox Actara 25WG Reldan 40EC 4-6ºC 22-24ºC Fig. 2. The influence of some insecticide upon number of leukocytes in Rana (Pelophylax) ridibunda The glycemia level was found to be significantly influenced by Carbetox insecticide. Thus, as shown in Figure 3, at a concentration of 0.01ml/g body weight, this index increases after three weeks of treatment to 61.29% of the control value at 4-6ºC. The same concentration of this toxic determinate, at 22-24ºC an increase of blood glucose concentration with 212.09%. It has been reported in several studies that hyperglycemia is one of the side effects in poisoning by OP in subchronic exposure and in acute treatment [11, 12, and 13]. Several studies have demonstrated some evidence for damage in pancreatic exocrine function after anticholinesterase insecticide intoxication [14, 15, 16, and 17]. The stimulation of pancreatic secretion secondary to cholinergic stimulation seems to be responsible for the development of pancreatitis [18, 19, 20, and 21]. The influence of Actara 25WG is also felt in the glucose level, whose values are shown in Figure 3. Its analysis shows an increase of glucose by 85.07% compared to witness for animals kept at a temperature of 4-6°C and treated with a concentration of 0.4mg/g Actara 25WG and 153.05% for the animals kept at 22-24°C and treated with the same concentration of toxic. Reldan 40EC in a concentration of 0.01ml/g body weight determinate, after three weeks of treatment, an increase of glycemia level with 127.41% as compared to the witness value in the case 81 of animals kept at 4-6ºC and with 173.59% in the case of animals kept at 22-24ºC. These changes occur due to inhibition of glucose tissue by the toxic, and inhibition of Krebs cycle and glicolise enzymes, this leading to accumulation of glucose in the blood. mg glucosis/ml blood 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 11.16667 22.72222 18 34.83333 20.66667 57.5 25.38889 62.16667 control Carbetox Actara 25WG Reldan 40EC Fig. 3. The influence of some insecticide upon glycemia in Rana (Pelophylax) ridibunda 4. Conclusions 4-6ºC 22-24ºC Analyzing comparatively the influence of three insecticides (Carbetox, Actara 25WG and Reldan 40EC) upon some physiological indices in Rana (Pelophylax) ridibunda, we found that these decrease (in percentage) the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes and increase the glycemia values. Only Reldan 40EC insecticide causes an increase in RBC. On the other hand, the toxic effect of these insecticides was proven to be more powerful at 22- 24ºC than 4-6ºC. 5. References [1] BERRILL M, BERTRAM S, PAULI B, 1997 - Effects of pesticides on amphibian embryos and larvae. In: Green DM (ed) Amphibians in decline: Canadian studies of a global problem. Reports from the declining amphibian population task force. Herpetol Conserv, 1:233–245. [2] GREULICH K, HOQUE E, PFLUGMACHER S, 2002 - Uptake, metabolism, and effects on detoxication enzymes of isoproturon in spawn and tadpoles of amphibians. Environ Toxicol Saf, 52: 256–266.
The action of some insecticides.../ Ovidius University Annals, Biology-Ecology Series 14: 79-82 (2010) [3] LIESS M, SCHULZ R, LIESS MHD, ROTHER B, KREUZIG R, 1999 - Determination of insecticide contamination in agricultural headwater streams. Wat Res, 33: 239–247. [4] CALUMPANG SMF, MEDINA MJB, TEJADA AW, MEDINAJR, 1997 - Toxicity of Chlorpyrifos, Fenubucarb, Monocrotophos, and Methyl Parathion to fish and frogs after a Simulated Overflow of Paddy Water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 58: 909-914. [5] WILLENS S, STOSKOPF M, BAYNES R, LEWBART G, TAYLOR S, KENNEDY- STOSKOPF S, 2006 - Percutaneous malathion absorption by anuran skin in flow-through diffusion cells. Envtl. Toxicol. & Pharm, 22: 263-267. [6] PICOŞ CA, NĂSTĂSESCU GH, 1988 - Lucrări practice de fiziologie animală. Tipografia Universităţii din Bucureşti, Bucureşti, 107, 122- 123, 192-195. [7] PONEPAL MC, PĂUNESCU A, DRĂGHICI O, MARINESCU AlG, 2006 - Research on the changes of some physiological parameters in several fish species under the action of the thiametoxame insecticide. In: Proceedings 36th International Conference of IAD: 163-167. [8] DHEMBARE AJ, PONDHA GM, 2000 - Hematological changes in fish, Punctius sophore exposed to some insecticides. Journal Experimental Zoo India, 3(1): 41-44. [9] PĂUNESCU A, PONEPAL CM, DRĂGHICI O, MARINESCU AlG, 2009 - The influence of Reldan 40EC insecticide upon physiological indices in Rana ridibunda. Lucrări Ştiinţifice USAMVB Seria B, LIII: 173-178. [10] AMBALI S, AKANBI D, IGBOKWE N, SHITTU M, KAWU M, AYO J, 2007 - Evaluation of subchronic chlorpyrifos poisoning on hematological and serum biochemical changes in mice and protective effect of vitamin C. The Journal of Toxicological Sciences, 32: 111-120. [11] GUPTA PK, 1974 - Malathion induced biochemical changes in rats. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol., 35(3): 191–194. [12] RODRIGUES MR, PUGA FR, CHENKER E, MAZANTI MT, 1986 - Short term effect of malathion on rats’ blood glucose and on glucose 82 utilization by mammalian cells in vitro. Ectotoxicol. Environ. Safety, 12 (2): 110–113. [13] MATIN MA, HUSAIN K, 1987 - Cerebral glycogenolysis and glycolysis in malathiontreated hyperglycaemic animals. Biochem. Pharmacol., 36(11): 1815–1817. [14] GOKEL Y, GULALP B, ACIKALIN A, 2002 - Parotitis due to organophosphate intoxication. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. J., 40(5): 563–565. [15] PANIERI E, KRIGE JE, BORNMAN PC, LINTON DM, 1997 - Severe necrotizing pancreatitis caused by organophosphate poisoning. J.Clin. Gastrenterol., 25: 463–465. [16] DRESSEL TD, GOODALE RL, ARNESON MA, BORNER JW, 1979 - Pancreatitis as a complication of anticholinesterase insecticide intoxication. Ann. Surg., 189: 199–204. [17] LANKISCH PG, MULLER CH, NIEDERSTADT H, BRAND A, 1990 - Painless acute pancreatitis subsequent to anticholinesterase insecticide (parathion) intoxication. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 85: 872–875. [18] KANDALAFT K, LIU S, MANIVEL C, BORNER JW, DRESSEL TD, SUTHERLAND DE, GOODALE RL, 1991 - Organophosphate increases the sensitivity of human exocrine pancreas to acetulcholine. Pancreas, 6: 398–403. [19] GOODALE RL, MANIVEL JC, BORNER JW, LIU S, JUDGE J, LI C, TANAKA T, 1993 - Organophosphate sensitizes the human pancreas to acinar cell injury: an ultrastructural study. Pancreas, 8: 171–175. [20] WEIZMAN Z, SOFER S, 1992 - Acute pancreatitis in children with anticholinesterase insecticide intoxication. Pediatrics, 90: 204–206. [21] MORITZ F, DROY JM, DUTHEIL G, MELKI J, BONMARCHAND G, LEROY J, 1994 - Acute pancreatitis after carbamate insecticide intoxication. Intens. Care Med., 20: 49–50.
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VOLUM OMAGIAL - Facultatea de Ştiinţe ale Naturii şi Ştiinţe Agricole

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