PostGIS Raster : Extending PostgreSQL for The Support of ... - CoDE

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Contents Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Contents vi List of Figures 1 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.3 Organisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 Geographic Information Systems 4 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2 Elements of GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.2.2 Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2.3 Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.4 Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.3 Geographic Data Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3.1 Vector Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3.2 Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.4 Geographic Information Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4.1 Map Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.4.2 Data Theme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.5 Georeference and Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.5.1 Georeference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.5.2 What Is a Coordinate System? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.6 GIS Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.6.1 Crime Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.6.2 GIS and Hydrogeology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.6.3 Traditional Knowledge GIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3 Why PostGIS Raster ? 19 3.1 Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.1 Simplicity and Complementarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.2 Transparent Integration with Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.3 Storage Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.1.4 Interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.2 PostGIS Raster Versus ORACLE GEORaster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.1 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.2.2 Physical Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3.2.3 Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 iii
3.2.4 Overlapping Raster and Vector Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.2.5 Loading Raster Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.2.6 Intersecting Raster and Vector Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 PostGIS Raster 27 4.1 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.2 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 4.3 Spatial Reference Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.4 Raster Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.4.1 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 4.4.2 Cell Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 4.4.3 Zones and Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.4.4 Representing Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.5 Spatial Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.6 Spatial Resolution Versus Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.7 Bands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 4.8 Pixel Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.9 Nodata Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.10 Blocks or Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 4.11 Pyramids or Overviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.11.1 Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.11.2 Creating Pyramids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.12 Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.13 Arrangements of Raster Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.14 Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.15 Physical Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.15.1 Storing In-database Raster Versus Storing Out-database Raster . . . . . . . . . 49 4.15.2 Registering Out-database Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.15.3 Storing In-database Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 4.16 Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4.17 Retrieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.17.1 In-database Raster Retrieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.17.2 Out-database Raster Retrieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.18 Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.18.1 Raster to vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.18.2 Vector to raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.19 Intersection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.20 Temporal Raster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.20.1 Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.20.2 Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 5 User Guide 62 5.1 Store and Manage Rasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1.1 Import Rasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1.2 Get and Set The Raster Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5.1.3 Vector to Raster Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.1.4 Raster to Vector Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.2 Exporting Rasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.3 Get Raster Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.4 Display Rasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.5 Edit and Compute Rasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.6 Convert Rasters to GDAL Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.6.1 Raster to TIFF File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5.6.2 Raster to JPEG File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 iv
Page 1 and 2: Faculté de Sciences Appliquées Se
Page 3: Abstract Nowadays, in many applicat
Page 7 and 8: D.5 Geology, Geophysics and Geochem
Page 9 and 10: 4.9 Raster cell [16]. . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Context
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 2 Geographic Information Sy
Page 15 and 16: 2.2.3 Imagery Figure 2.3: Polygon f
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.8: Surface expressed by co
Page 19 and 20: 4-foot logo. The file size is the s
Page 21 and 22: 2.4.2 Data Theme Figure 2.14: Multi
Page 23 and 24: measures of latitude. Longitude mea
Page 25 and 26: 2.6 GIS Applications 2.6.1 Crime Ma
Page 27 and 28: 2.6.3 Traditional Knowledge GIS Tra
Page 29 and 30: These additional functionalities ma
Page 31 and 32: Figure 3.3: Physical storage of Geo
Page 33 and 34: DROP INDEX spain_images_idx; CREATE
Page 35 and 36: In summary, the intersection is muc
Page 37 and 38: Attribute information Table 4.1: Po
Page 39 and 40: Figure 4.2: Information representat
Page 41 and 42: for discrete data while floating-po
Page 43 and 44: the matrix are parallel to the x-ax
Page 45 and 46: Lines Figure 4.15: Raster point rep
Page 47 and 48: Choosing an appropriate cell size i
Page 49 and 50: The multi-band conception is result
Page 51 and 52: "32BUI" = 32-bit unsigned integer "
Page 53 and 54: Figure 4.30: Pyramids at different
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ectangular because there might be s
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Figure 4.39: Vector to raster conve
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Figure 4.42: Web application with o
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In this example, the dummy_rast tab
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One approach to make this intersect
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4.19 Intersection The fact that Pos
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Figure 4.51: Raster and raster inte
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ST_Present and ST_Passes predicates
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Chapter 5 User Guide Sometimes stor
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SELECT rast As origin, ST_Resample(
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• gvSIG plugin • MapServer thro
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SELECT ST_AsJPEG(rast) As rastjpg F
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FROM buff_temp GROUP BY id ORDER BY
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Chapter 6 Application Most of GIS a
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6.2 Tools Figure 6.3: PostGIS conne
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Figure 6.6: Band area. controlled b
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Figure 6.10: The loading map parall
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Figure 6.14: Maps representing worl
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Figure 6.17: Maps with a color lege
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their levels of awareness of geogra
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[15] Jorge Arevalo. PostGIS Raster
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Appendix A PostGIS Raster Utilisati
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eturn "Version 0.1" def qgisMinimum
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Appendix C Code Implementation C.1
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name="" # Setting table name and mo
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Figure D.1: Synthetic aperture rada
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D.4 Digital Image Processing D.4.1
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Figure D.4: Age of the sea floor. M
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Appendix F Continuous Surfaces One
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