INDUSTRIAL LAND IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY District of ...

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District of Columbia Industrial Areas Study DC Office of Planning Prepared by Phillips Preiss Shapiro Associates, Inc. substantial modification to the existing zoning categories, are nonetheless fairly straightforward in concept, involving a retooling of the existing zones and an addition of new additional zones. General outlines for these new and modified districts are provided—specific standards will require additional study and analysis by OP, and deliberation by the Zoning Commission. One concept worth exploring further is the Planned Manufacturing District (PMD) overlay developed by the City of Chicago. Application of a PMD district to an existing industrial area carries with it a strong presumption that the area is off-limits to rezoning for residential use. This concept could be adopted by the District to further strengthen the zoning proposals presented below. This and other zoning case studies are presented here in the accompanying case studies. - 81 -
District of Columbia Industrial Areas Study DC Office of Planning Prepared by Phillips Preiss Shapiro Associates, Inc. Sample Industrial Land Use Policies While the District is unique in its economy, function, and political status, other American cities are facing many of the same land use pressures. This report has considered other cities’ perspectives and industrial land use policies, and, in some cases, borrowed best practices from their experiences. San Francisco, CA: Production, Distribution, and Repair 33 San Francisco is similar to the District in several ways, notably in that it is also a city with very limited amounts of land and where industrial land is under pressure from “higher and better” uses including housing and high-tech sector offices. Recognizing the need to develop appropriate land use policies to accommodate industry, housing, and office development, the San Francisco Planning Department completed a study of its industrial areas in 2002. Its study resulted in a new framework with which to view the import of industry to the city’s economy. Instead of using the term “industrial,” which conjures images of heavy “smoke-stack” industry, the terms production, distribution and repair (PDR) are used. Production uses include building contractors, printing firms, and light manufacturers such as specialty signs and building mechanical systems. Distribution includes warehousing, trucking, wholesaling, and retailing operations which cater both industries and public. It is essential that these firms have good access to rail and road transportation. Finally, Repair includes building systems and automobile repair, including municipal fleet maintenance garages, and serves both other industrial users as well as the general public. The report recognizes that PDR businesses provide fast and efficient support services for core sectors of the San Francisco economy (including property development, tourism and hospitality), that PDR provides employment options for skilled and unskilled residents without advanced degrees, and that PDR helps stabilize the local economy and reduce some of the costs of doing business in the city. The report urges land use planning that considers the needs (space that is affordable, flexible, and away from housing) of PDR users. Chicago, IL: Planned Manufacturing Districts 34 Chicago’s experience in the 1980s was very similar to what the District is experiencing today. Rezonings in and around Chicago’s manufacturing areas allowed residential and commercial land uses to encroach upon industry. Throughout the 1980s, as rezonings became commonplace, manufacturers had less and less confidence that they could safely invest their capital on in-place expansion. Thus a dwindling supply of appropriate land, combined with high taxes and labor costs, conspired to drive more and more industry from the city. 33 See San Francisco Planning Department, 2002 34 Adapted from Appendix B, Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development, 2001. See also University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2005. - 82 -
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INDUSTRIAL LAND IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY District of ...

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