INDUSTRIAL LAND IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY District of ...

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District of Columbia Industrial Areas Study DC Office of Planning Prepared by Phillips Preiss Shapiro Associates, Inc. The city determined that losing industry meant losing good jobs in the Chicago area, permanently displacing of many skilled industrial workers, and sacrificing business activity that had an important role in Chicago’s economy. In order to retain these important businesses within the city, in 1988 the city created the Planned Manufacturing District (PMD), a special zoning designation which creates an “industrial sanctuary.” A PMD designation preserves the existing industrial character of an area. It maintains the underlying zoning’s bulk restrictions, therefore preserving density, but does not include design standards to enhance quality. The PMD’s main action is to place significant additional use restrictions on the industrial or manufacturing land and place restrictions on the rezoning of industrial land for non-industrial uses. “Supplementary Regulations” specifying these uses restrictions, as well as other restrictions, are developed and adopted by the city council for each area when a PMD district is applied to the zoning map. Any change in the PMD ordinance requires the approval of city council. PMD regulations are district-specific – this allows for targeted regulations, but varying district-by-district regulations make the program challenging to enforce. Three PMDs were established in existing industrial areas between 1988 and 2000. Currently, the city has 13 PMDs. The city also has established “Industrial Corridors,” planning districts proposed by the city as part of a comprehensive industrial land use policy to be implemented through zoning review and targeted public investments. The corridors do not make up all the industrial land in Chicago, but represent key concentrations of industrial investment and employment. Industrial retention and preservation programs include low-interest loans for industrial firms, business infrastructure assistance, enterprise zone incentives, and tax increment financing. Additionally, the city targets capital improvement dollars to support industrial infrastructure including bridges, viaducts, and streets. The PMD experience has not been problem free or totally successful, but, in terms of business retention and job creation, they have performed well. Some neighborhood opposition to PMDs meant that the designations could not be imposed lightly, and that a participatory process with businesses and surrounding residents yielded better sustainability and more support. New York, NY: Proposals for Manufacturing Development Zones and Industrial Business Zones 35 Finally, New York City, where, perhaps more than anywhere else, land is at a premium, is only now realizing that equitable development and a sustainable economy are founded in part on a comprehensive industrial land use policy. In its 2001 report on manufacturing land use in New York City, the Pratt Center concluded that Manufacturing Development zones be established in areas that have strong concentrations of manufacturing to give extra protection and support to manufacturing businesses. MD zones would overlay the existing industrial zoning and would, to varying degrees, restrict the location of non-industrial uses, especially residential conversions. MD zones would require that commercial, auto-related, and other nonmanufacturing uses currently permitted as of right, but which have the potential to create negative 35 See “Recommendations,” in Pratt Institute Center for Community and Environmental Development, 2001. See also City of New York, 2005. - 83 -
District of Columbia Industrial Areas Study DC Office of Planning Prepared by Phillips Preiss Shapiro Associates, Inc. impacts, would need a special permit. Such uses include utilities, solid waste facilities, and parking as a principal use. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg’s office in 2005 issued a report outlining the industrial policies of the city in order to create “best-in-class” industrial zones. It stated that Industrial Business Zones (IBZ) should be drawn to include areas that “can best support vibrant industrial business districts with competitive advantages over industrial districts in other parts of the metropolitan region.” The policy outlines several critical industrial retention and protection strategies, including, (1) the Bloomberg Administration pledges that it will not rezone IBZs to allow residential use, (2) Additional incentives for businesses relocating from within the city to an IBZ will be created, (3) Area-planning studies for each IBZ will be conducted, and (4) IBZs will be marketed to new, expanding, or relocating businesses. The city would also undertake additional initiatives to safeguard industrial land, including, (1) discourage illegal conversions, (2) lower costs of development and expansion with incentives and funding, including an expansion of Industrial Development Agency assistance, (3) launch a commercial fleet parking violations program, (4) create a dumpster shed program, (5) form an industrial energy Consumer Coalition, and (5) administer a biannual Industry NYC survey to identify key trends and measure the effectiveness of city programs. The PMD Zones or IBZ proposals are good examples of zoning strategies to protect industrial users and foster industrial development. - 84 -
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INDUSTRIAL LAND IN A POST-INDUSTRIAL CITY District of ...

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