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antigen concentration in the course of research projects conducted at the Royal Veterinary College, London. The author uses histamine at a concentration of 2.75μg/ml as the positive control and phenolised normal saline as the negative control and an injection volume of 0.05ml. The allergens used in a study of 24 horses referred with recurrent or chronic pruritus and/or urticaria, but not typical of Culicoides hypersensitivity (Littlewood et al 1998), are listed in the following tables: TABLE 1 Allergens used for intradermal skin testing obtained from Greer and Artuvetrin Allergen Concentration Allergen Concentration Ctenocephalides spp 1:1,000 w/v Weed pollens Tyrophagus putresceantiae 10 PNU/ml Mugwort 1,000 PNU/ml Acarus siro 10 PNU/ml Wild brassica 1,000 PNU/ml Dermatophagoides farinae 1:2,000 w/v Jerusalem oak 1,000 PNU/ml D. pteronyssinus 1:2,000 w/v Lamb’s quarter 1,000 PNU/ml Housedust 250 PNU/ml Daisy 1,000 PNU/ml Human dander 10 µg/ml Plantain 1,000 PNU/ml Cat dander 1,000 PNU/ml Sheep’s sorrel 1,000 PNU/ml Sheep epithelia 500 PNU/ml Yellow dock 1,000 PNU/ml Mixed feathers 1,000 PNU/ml Dandelion 1,000 PNU/ml Kapok 1,000 PNU/ml Clover 1,000 PNU/ml Tree pollens Nettle 1,000 PNU/ml Birch 1,000 PNU/ml Moulds Alder 1,000 PNU/ml Alternaria alternata 1,000 PNU/ml Hazel 1,000 PNU/ml Aspergillus fumigatus 1,000 PNU/ml Beech 1,000 PNU/ml Botrytis cinerae 1,000 PNU/ml Ash 1,000 PNU/ml Cladosporium herbarum 1,000 PNU/ml Sycamore 1,000 PNU/ml Epicoccum purpurascens 1,000 PNU/ml Poplar 1,000 PNU/ml Fusarium moniliforme 1,000 PNU/ml Oak 1,000 PNU/ml Helminthosporium sativum 1,000 PNU/ml Willow 1,000 PNU/ml Penicillium notatum 1,000 PNU/ml Grass pollens Phoma betae 1,000 PNU/ml Meadow grass 1,000 PNU/ml Pullularia pullulans 1,000 PNU/ml Fescue 1,000 PNU/ml Rhodotorula rubra 1,000 PNU/ml Cocksfoot 1,000 PNU/ml Cereal smuts Bent-grass 1,000 PNU/ml Barley smut 1,000 PNU/ml Italian rye grass 1,000 PNU/ml Oat smut 1,000 PNU/ml Timothy 1,000 PNU/ml Wheat smut 1,000 PNU/ml Key: PNU = protein nitrogen units; w/v = weight/volume dilution 32 ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
TABLE 2 Additional allergens used in a limited number number of horses, obtained mainly from Stallervet Allergen Concentration Allergen Concentration Euroglyphus maynei 1/1.000 w/v Grass pollens Dog dander * 1,000 PNU/ml Sweet vernal grass 10 IRU/ml Tree pollens Yorkshire fog 1/1,000 w/v Horse chestnut 1/1,000 w/v Perennial rye grass 10 IRU/ml Elm 1/1,000 w/v Couch grass 1/1,000 w/v Elder 1/1,000 w/v Weed/flower pollens Privet 1/1,000 w/v Ragweed 10 IRU/ml Lime 1/1,000 w/v Golden rod 1/1,000 w/v Moulds Wall pellitory 1/1,000 w/v Micropolysporum faeni + 100 µg/ml Key: w/v = weight/volume dilution; PNU = protein nitrogen units; IRU = immunoreactive units; • * = Greer allergen; + = Artuvetrin allergen TABLE 3 Insect extracts used for equine intradermal skin testing, from Greer Allergen Concentration Mosquito (Culicidae) 1,000 PNU/ml Blackfly (Simulidae) 1,000 PNU/ml Horsefly (Tabanidae) 1,000 PNU/ml Culicoides spp 1/1,000 w/v 1/10,000 w/v 1/100,000 w/v Key: PNU = protein nitrogen units; w/v = weight volume dilution Horses were examined continuously for 30 minutes and the size of the positive and negative control wheals measured and recorded. Any wheals equal to or greater than the mean of the size of the control wheals were considered positive and diameters in millimetres recorded. Horses were examined again 4-6 hours later and note made of any positive reactions (criteria as before, using the histamine diameter at the 30minute time point). These reactions were considered immediate positive reactions. The owner or groom examined the test site 24-36 hours later and the presence of delayed reactions recorded and reported. ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 33
Page 1 and 2: Australian College of Veterinary Sc
Page 3 and 4: Australian College of Veterinary Sc
Page 5 and 6: 3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
Page 7 and 8: Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
Page 9 and 10: Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
Page 11 and 12: IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
Page 13 and 14: years, median age 6.5 years, with a
Page 15 and 16: dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
Page 17 and 18: References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
Page 19 and 20: Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
Page 23 and 24: AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
Page 25 and 26: Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
Page 27 and 28: Each injection site is visually exa
Page 29 and 30: References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
Page 31: Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
Page 35 and 36: Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
Page 37 and 38: much higher and corresponded to the
Page 39 and 40: and this and other uncontrolled tri
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67 and 68: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 69 and 70: Clinical Presentation Small fibrous
Page 71 and 72: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 73 and 74: (ix)Bone becomes devitalized if inc
Page 75 and 76: and mitomycin C have been used. All
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
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References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
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indicated. Each sample for culture
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Proper dosage and proper duration a
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2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
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Affected horses usually scratch and
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• Cattle ear tags impregnated wit
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How I treat: equine pemphigus folia
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Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
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SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
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Diagnosis History of access of hors
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These vaccines are not manufactured
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References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
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y a variety of fungal metabolites.
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Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
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chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
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Clinical Disease The clinical resul
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treatment options have been used. P
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Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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