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horse with fibroblastic sarcoids can result in the appearance of sarcoids in other previously uninfected horses on the farm within 6-8 months. The distribution of lesions varies with type of sarcoid and geographical location. The para-genital region is most frequently and the limbs least affected in the UK. In Queensland (Australia) the majority of lesions occur on the head, neck and limbs and very rarely in the para-genital region (Pascoe & Summers (1981). A recent study of sarcoid cases in the UK showed single and small numbers of sarcoids (2-8 sarcoids per horse) were uncommon, whereas 10 to several thousand are more common. The majority of lesions seen in UK horses are occult or verrucous, with at least six major types described (Knottenbelt et al 1995) The distribution of the six types show great variation with a preponderance of fibroblastic tumours occurring in the para-genital area; in Australia almost all leg sarcoids are a fibroblastic type. Sarcoids have a high capacity to invade the dermis and subcutis. True metastatic dissemination does not appear to occur. Sarcoids can occur in fresh healing wounds in previously normal horses, or re-occur at the same site following apparent complete surgical removal. Six clinical entities: 1.Verrucous (warty) type Definition These tend to be slow-growing and not very aggressive until injured in some fashion, e.g. biopsy, rubbing. poor surgical removal Clinical presentation Wart-like growth on and above skin, may be sessile or pedunculated. Slow growing. Trauma to surface may convert them to a fibroblastic reaction. (Pascoe 1990) Differential diagnosis Papillomatosis, chronic blistering, hyperkeratosis (chronic sweet itch), equine sarcoidosis (chronic granulomatous disease) squamous cell carcinoma. Diagnosis Biopsy: preferably total wide excision followed by cryotherapy 2.Fibroblastic type Definition A more aggressive tumour, particularly when located on the lower limbs and coronet. 68 ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
Clinical Presentation Small fibrous nodule in skin. Erosion or injury leads to excessive granulation tissue growth. Lateral progression by local invasion. Metastasise rarely if at all. difficulty lies in the determination of normal and infected granulation tissue regrowth after tumour removal Differential diagnosis Exuberant granulation tissue, habronemiasis, neurofibroma / neurofibrosarcoma, botryomycosis, fibrosarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma, pythiosis, sweat gland tumour. Diagnosis Biopsy should include normal skin as well as tumour. 3.Mixed Verrucous and Fibroblastic type Definition Progressively more aggressive as changes from verrucous to fibroblastic type. Clinical Presentation Probably a progressive state from a verrucous type. Contains both verrucous and fibroblastic elements Differential diagnosis The presence of more than one form of sarcoid is almost self-diagnostic. 4.Occult type Definition Hairless areas which contain one or more small cutaneous nodules. Clinical presentation Loss of hair. Often roughly circular. Very slow growing until injured. Presence of one or more hard shot-like nodules in the skin from 2-5mm diam. Nodules may progress to warty verrucous growth or if injured, develop into fibroblastic lesions. Commonly around mouth, eyes, neck and body Differential diagnosis Dermatophytosis (ringworm), blisters, burns. Diagnosis Clinical picture. Remember biopsy may convert lesion into active fibroblastic sarcoid. ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 69
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
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Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
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Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
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IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
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years, median age 6.5 years, with a
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dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
Page 17 and 18: References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
Page 19 and 20: Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
Page 23 and 24: AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
Page 25 and 26: Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
Page 27 and 28: Each injection site is visually exa
Page 29 and 30: References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
Page 31 and 32: Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2 Additional allergens used i
Page 35 and 36: Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
Page 37 and 38: much higher and corresponded to the
Page 39 and 40: and this and other uncontrolled tri
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 71 and 72: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 73 and 74: (ix)Bone becomes devitalized if inc
Page 75 and 76: and mitomycin C have been used. All
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
Page 83 and 84: References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
Page 85 and 86: indicated. Each sample for culture
Page 87 and 88: Proper dosage and proper duration a
Page 89 and 90: 2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
Page 91 and 92: Affected horses usually scratch and
Page 93 and 94: • Cattle ear tags impregnated wit
Page 95 and 96: How I treat: equine pemphigus folia
Page 97 and 98: Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
Page 99 and 100: SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
Page 101 and 102: Diagnosis History of access of hors
Page 103 and 104: These vaccines are not manufactured
Page 105 and 106: References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
Page 107 and 108: y a variety of fungal metabolites.
Page 109 and 110: Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
Page 111 and 112: chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
Page 113 and 114: Clinical Disease The clinical resul
Page 115 and 116: treatment options have been used. P
Page 117 and 118: Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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