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72 treatment is given. This danger was overcome by the use of a BCG cell wall vaccine preparation which was as effective as the living BCG vaccine but does not have the adverse side effects of producing anaphylaxis (Hepler & Leuker 1980).The reported use of such a vaccine (CSL Equoid Australia) for the intradermal treatment of sarcoid gave favourable results with 1-2 injections 14-21 days apart in 80% of the cases treated.(Vaneslow et al 1988). Production problems with this vaccine led to its permanent withdrawal from the market in 1993. 4. Surgical treatment Surgical excision– removal of sarcoid, under local or general anaesthetic, plus at least 15-20mm ring of normal. Disadvantages: 50% may return and as wound heals may spread to other areas on the horse; removal of large areas of normal skin precludes closure and slowshealing time; inability to remove this quantity of skin from leg lesions increases risk of return CO2 Laser Complete ablasion for small Sarcoids id very successful large tumours can be less well ablated and may reoccur 5. Electrocautery Where single small masses are involved ordinary cautery is satisfactory but reoccurrence can be expected. With large electrocautery units, both cutting and fulguration are available and should be used: remove tumour by cutting current then treat area, particularly the skin edges, with fulguration to desiccate tissue. 6. Cryosurgery Useful for Sarcoids. Complications are under or over treatment; injury to surrounding blood vessels, nerves, bone and tendon. The success of cryotherapy depends on correct technique.(Fretz & Barbour 1987) Cryonecrosis therapy - The success or otherwise of cryotherapy rests in proper observation of correct technique. The following summary assists in understanding the modality and its side effects. Cryosurgery summary (i)Select adequate 'heat' sink (best is liquid N2) (ii)Freeze tissues rapidly to below -20C (iii)Allow slow thaw to +36C (iv)Repeat cycle 2-3 times (v)Restrict circulation to area using tourniquet (vi)Protect surrounding tissue with Polystyrene (vii)Hair follicles are destroyed by double cycle (viii)Vitiligo occurs with a single freeze thaw cycle; scars with double cycle ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
(ix)Bone becomes devitalized if included in freeze/thaw cycles; regeneration may take 2 years (x)Deep infiltrative tumours are seldom satisfactorily treated by cryosurgery (xi)Eliminate bulk by surgical trimming before freezing Technique summary (i)use of thermocouple (ii)use of 2 cycle freeze and thaw (iii)freeze adequately (iv)protect normal tissue if using liquid spray (v)assess patient's temperament and use the correct restraint (vi)give Tetanus antitoxin or Toxoid booster (vii)give full explanation of the process and after-care to the owner (viii)do not fail to tell the owner about white hair formation 7. Radiation therapy Can either be a large distant irradiating source (Teletherapy) which restricts the use to a limited number of large facilities; or (Brachytherapy) treatment with implants or isotopes to the tumour which is more practical for equine treatments.(Blackwood & Dobson 1994, Theon 1998, Knottenbelt & Kelly 2000, Henson & Dobson 2004) Squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoids, soft tissue sarcomas (fibrosarcoma, haemangiosarcoma and neurofibromas), cutaneous lymphomas and melanoma are suitable for successful treatment. Advantages less disfigurement, better therapeutic success and as a follow-up to failed surgery, cryosurgery or immunotherapy. Best results come with debulking surgery under general anaesthesia previous debulking leads to residual activity of dividing tumour cells which are most susceptible to radiation and to lowered isotope cost due to smaller treatment area. Disadvantages- requires the presence of a specialist radiologist or radiophysicist special secure areas for use of hospitalised horses training of personnel to use care around treated horses increased costs due to isotopes, general anaesthetic and longer hospitalization in specialized accommodation Isotopes Strontium 90 and Radon 222 (Fraunfelder et al 1982a,b), Iodine 128, Caesium 137 and Gold 198 (Wyn Jones 1979,1983) and Iridium 192 (Turrel et al 1985) ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 73
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
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Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
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Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
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IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
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years, median age 6.5 years, with a
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dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
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References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
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Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
Page 21 and 22: TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
Page 23 and 24: AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
Page 25 and 26: Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
Page 27 and 28: Each injection site is visually exa
Page 29 and 30: References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
Page 31 and 32: Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2 Additional allergens used i
Page 35 and 36: Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
Page 37 and 38: much higher and corresponded to the
Page 39 and 40: and this and other uncontrolled tri
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67 and 68: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 69 and 70: Clinical Presentation Small fibrous
Page 71: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 75 and 76: and mitomycin C have been used. All
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
Page 83 and 84: References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
Page 85 and 86: indicated. Each sample for culture
Page 87 and 88: Proper dosage and proper duration a
Page 89 and 90: 2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
Page 91 and 92: Affected horses usually scratch and
Page 93 and 94: • Cattle ear tags impregnated wit
Page 95 and 96: How I treat: equine pemphigus folia
Page 97 and 98: Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
Page 99 and 100: SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
Page 101 and 102: Diagnosis History of access of hors
Page 103 and 104: These vaccines are not manufactured
Page 105 and 106: References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
Page 107 and 108: y a variety of fungal metabolites.
Page 109 and 110: Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
Page 111 and 112: chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
Page 113 and 114: Clinical Disease The clinical resul
Page 115 and 116: treatment options have been used. P
Page 117 and 118: Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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