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94 was no difference in response to the Culicoides extract compared to placebo but the study only lasted 6 months. • Another small open study using 10 horses used a whole body C.variipenis extract in adjuvant (mycobacterial cell wall fraction). Injections were administered subcutaneously every 6 to 10 days for first year then every month for the second year. After two years 8/10 horses had moderate to complete control of pruritus. This protocol should be repeated in a doubleblinded, placebo controlled fashion in a larger number of horses. Control • Affected animals should not to be used for breeding due to the hereditary nature of insect hypersensitivity References Anderson GS et al: Immunotherapy trial for horses in British Columbia with Culicoides hypersensitivity. J Med Entomol 33: 458, 1996 Barbet JL et al Specific immunotherapy of Culicoides hypersensitive horses: a double blind study. Equine Vet J 22:232, 1990 Brostrom H et al Allergic dermatitis (sweet itch) of Icelandic horses in Sweden: an epidemiological study. Equine Vet J 19:229, 1987 Fadok VA: Culicoides hypersensitivity. In:Robinson NE (ed). Current Therapy in Equine Medicine II. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia, PA, 1987, p 624 Fadok VA, Greiner EC: Equine insect hypersensitivity: skin test and biopsy results correlated with clinical data. Equine Vet J 22: 236, 1990 ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
How I treat: equine pemphigus foliaceus Ralf Mueller Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune disease, directed against desmosomes in the stratified squamous epithelium, leading to the loss of intracellular cohesion, acantholysis and blister formation within the epidermis (Halliwell 1979, Laing and others 1992, Scott and Miller 2003). It is the most common equine autoimmune skin disease (Scott and others 1987, Von Tscharner and others 2000). The first clinical article of pemphigus foliaceus in the horse was published by Barnick and Gutzeit in 1891. In 1981, the first histopathologic and immunopathologic documentation of equine PF in a horse was reported (Johnson and others 1981). The reported age in recent publications varied from 2 months (Laing and others 1992) to 25.5 years (Zabel and others 2005). Most authors do not report breed, sex predilection or seasonality (Scott and others 1983, Pascal and others 1995, Von Tscharner and others 2000, Zabel and others 2005). Appaloosas were over represented in one study (Scott 1989). A retrospective study of 20 cases of equine pemphigus foliaceus reported an increased prevalence of disease between September and February (Vandanebeele and others 2004). Another recent retrospective study was not able to duplicate these findings (Zabel and others 2005). Scott (1989) and White (1992) reported a deterioration of disease in warm, humid, and sunny weather. Two horses (13%) in a recent case series showed evidence of seasonal disease deterioration. One of these horses, a Warmblood, did not show clinical signs during winter and deteriorated every summer when it was brought on a high altitude pasture. After the horse was kept in the valley permanently, no more clinical signs were noted (Zabel and others, 2005). Environmental factors such as increased exposure to ultraviolet light may have been involved in the pathogenesis. The second horse was a research pony, which showed worsening of clinical signs in summer and also related to stress (anaesthesia, handling). Pemphigus foliaceus may be triggered by various factors such as stress, drug administration, systemic disease or Culicoides hypersensitivity (White 1992, Von Tscharner and others 2000), and the disease may wax and wane (Fadok 1995). Von Tscharner and others (2000) describe hereditary as well as infectious or environmental factors predisposing horses to pemphigus foliaceus, as the disease has been noted in unrelated horses living in the same area. The head and lower extremities have been reported as commonly affected sites (Von Tscharner and others 2000, Scott and Miller 2003). In a report of 8 horses with pemphigus foliaceus, a site predilection for the ventrum was found (Scott 1983). The disease ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 95
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
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Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
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Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
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IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
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years, median age 6.5 years, with a
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dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
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References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
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Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
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TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
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AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
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Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
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Each injection site is visually exa
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References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
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Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
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TABLE 2 Additional allergens used i
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Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
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much higher and corresponded to the
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and this and other uncontrolled tri
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Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67 and 68: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 69 and 70: Clinical Presentation Small fibrous
Page 71 and 72: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 73 and 74: (ix)Bone becomes devitalized if inc
Page 75 and 76: and mitomycin C have been used. All
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
Page 83 and 84: References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
Page 85 and 86: indicated. Each sample for culture
Page 87 and 88: Proper dosage and proper duration a
Page 89 and 90: 2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
Page 91 and 92: Affected horses usually scratch and
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Page 97 and 98: Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
Page 99 and 100: SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
Page 101 and 102: Diagnosis History of access of hors
Page 103 and 104: These vaccines are not manufactured
Page 105 and 106: References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
Page 107 and 108: y a variety of fungal metabolites.
Page 109 and 110: Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
Page 111 and 112: chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
Page 113 and 114: Clinical Disease The clinical resul
Page 115 and 116: treatment options have been used. P
Page 117 and 118: Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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