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74 In practical terms, those commonly used are iridium 192 and gold 198 which are both gamma emitters. Strontium 90, a beta particle emitter has a limited penetration of 3mm, so it's use is restricted to those tumours following very careful debulking or to cleanup surface cells in conjunction with implants. When applied to the target area following post surgical ablation of the tumour, Strontium 90 in an applicator has been successfully used for some sarcoids and ocular squamous cell carcinoma 8. Photodynamic Therapy The therapeutic potential of the photodynamic compound, hypericin, in the treatment of equine sarcoids has been evaluated.In vitro cytotoxicity on three equine cell lines to phototoxic effect was comparable to that on different highly sensitive human cell lines and significantly influenced by the energy density used although independent of the cell type. In vivo anti tumoural action of photodynamic therapy using hypericin was used experimentally on three equine sarcoids in a donkey. With either a 0.3% hypericin solution in polyethylene glycol (PEG400)/H2O L/L. or a 0.3% hypericin solution in DMSO/H2O L/L was used. Intratumoural injections were performed every 5days under short acting GA. Mean dosage of hypericine was 0.7mg/cm3 tumoural tissue. Tumours were illuminated over 30 min each day with a light delivery by a KL 1500 cold light source at 1 cm distance from the surface (results in an energy density of 72 J/cm2.) . However, this is only for a total of 25 days. 81% reduction in tumour volume was obtained at the end of therapy and 2 months later, a 90% reduction was observed. Further experimental work should be performed, but these results suggest that photodynamic therapy using hypericin has a potential for the non-invasive treatment of equine sarcoids. (Martens 2000) 9. Radio frequency hyperthermia This modality has been used in equine sarcoid and squamous cell carcinoma and is most successful in small tumours Reports of treatments indicate repeat treatments are common and the method is not gained wide acceptance 10. Chemotherapy Many and varied compounds of inorganic tissue poisons such as arsenic, mercury and antimony, and their combinations have been used to treat sarcoids. More recently podophyllin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
and mitomycin C have been used. All require some form of repeat treatment medication, many on a daily basis for as long as 30 days. Our results are similar to those of the Liverpool Veterinary School, UK using AW-3-LUDES a 80% recovery rate with emphasis on initial treatment success as being a peculiarity of the drug combination ( Knottenbelt & Walker 1994). Repeat treatment and treatment of previously treated unresolved lesions is likely to be less successful but still more likely than other compounds and treatments commonly used. Persistence and client compliance are important for the likelihood of higher success rates. 11. Electro chemotherapy Enhances the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents all treatments were given under short General anaesthesia. An intra tumoral drug Cisplatin in oil is injected into the lesion. After 5mins two electrodes are placed over the tumour using a conductive paste and short, intensive electrical pulses (8 pulses 0.1ms at 1-Hz frequency with 1.3 kV voltages) are applied to increase the permeability of the tumour cell membrane to achieve higher cell concentrates of the injected drug. It works most satisfactorily on small tumours( 10cm tumours were found to be best treated after de bulking and given multiple electro treatments simply by overlapping and shifting the electrodes. Eradication so far has been successful in all treated horses in under four treatments (Tamzali et al.2003) Prognosis Varies from good to poor depending on the site, number and type of lesions, and their response to initial treatment.Good client understanding is important for final resolution ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 75
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
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Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
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Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
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IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
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years, median age 6.5 years, with a
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dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
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References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
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Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
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TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
Page 23 and 24: AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
Page 25 and 26: Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
Page 27 and 28: Each injection site is visually exa
Page 29 and 30: References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
Page 31 and 32: Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
Page 33 and 34: TABLE 2 Additional allergens used i
Page 35 and 36: Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
Page 37 and 38: much higher and corresponded to the
Page 39 and 40: and this and other uncontrolled tri
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67 and 68: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 69 and 70: Clinical Presentation Small fibrous
Page 71 and 72: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 73: (ix)Bone becomes devitalized if inc
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
Page 83 and 84: References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
Page 85 and 86: indicated. Each sample for culture
Page 87 and 88: Proper dosage and proper duration a
Page 89 and 90: 2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
Page 91 and 92: Affected horses usually scratch and
Page 93 and 94: • Cattle ear tags impregnated wit
Page 95 and 96: How I treat: equine pemphigus folia
Page 97 and 98: Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
Page 99 and 100: SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
Page 101 and 102: Diagnosis History of access of hors
Page 103 and 104: These vaccines are not manufactured
Page 105 and 106: References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
Page 107 and 108: y a variety of fungal metabolites.
Page 109 and 110: Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
Page 111 and 112: chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
Page 113 and 114: Clinical Disease The clinical resul
Page 115 and 116: treatment options have been used. P
Page 117 and 118: Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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