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The typical histologic appearance of insect hypersensitivity is a superficial and deep perivascular to interstitial eosinophilic dermatitis with focal areas of infiltrative to necrotising eosinophilic mural folliculitis and focal eosinophilic granulomas. These changes are not pathognomonic for insect hypersensitivity and may be seen with adverse food reactions and atopic dermatitis Treatment The management of insect hypersensitivity involves insect control and the use of topical and systemic antipruritic agents. Treatment of unrugged, grazing horses is difficult and frustrating. Secondary bacterial infections must be recognized and treated. Insect control 92 • Stable horses between 4pm and 8am • Cover horses with rugs and hoods • Use fine mesh screens in stables • Spray housing and screens with residual insecticides • Install floor or overhead fans in stables • Time operated spray mist insecticide systems are useful but expensive • Drain lakes, marshes, swamps, irrigation channels Fly repellents and insecticides • 4% permethrin (Permoxin ® Dermcare Vet Pty Ltd); use a 0.1% solution as a spray or rinse daily for 7 days then once a week • 0.2% fenvalerate (Sumifly Buffalo Fly Insecticide ® Fort Dodge); use 0.1% solution and apply 800ml to 1L on dorsal midline and body every 7 days • 0.15% pyrethrin, piperonly butoxide, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide, di-N-propylisocinchromeronate, citronella (Musca-Ban Insecticidal spray ® Country Lfe Animal Health) spray/wipe-on • 0.2% pyrethrin, piperonyl butoxide, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide, di-N-propylisocinchromeronate, diethyltoluamide, (N-Dem spray Insecticidal Lotion and Spray ® Joseph Lyddy) • 0.2% pyrethrin, diethyltoluamide, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboxamide, di- N-propylisocinchromeronate, benzalkonium chloride (Fly-Repella cream ® Troy Laboratories) • Commercial bath oils diluted with equal parts of water has been reported anecdotally as a useful leave on repellent ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005
• Cattle ear tags impregnated with pyrethroids braided into manes and tails and attached to halters • Maintaining a continuous film of liquid film of mineral oil on paraffin is reportedly useful to prevent Culicoides gnats from crawling down the hairs to the skin Antipruritic therapy Topical • Cold water • Colloidal oatmeal shampoo Episoothe ® Virbac or Aloveen ® Dermcare- Vet Pty Ltd • 0.2% benzyl benzoate Ectosol ® Troy Laboratories Systemic Antihistamines have limited effect • Chlorpheniramine 0.25 to 0.5mg/kg q 12 hours PO • Doxepin 0.5 to 0.75mg/kg q 12 hours PO • Amitryptilline 1mg/kg q 12 hrs PO Corticosteroids • Methyl prednisolone acetate 200mg IM • Triamcinolone acetonide 0.02 to 0.04 mg/kg IM • Prednisolone 2 mg/kg PO q 24 hrs induction dosage for 5 days reducing to 1mg/kg q 24 hrs for 5 days reducing to 1mg/kg q 48 hrs • Dexamethasone 0.2mg/kg PO q 24hrs induction dosage for 5 days reducing to 0.1mg/kg q 24 hrs for 5 days reducing to 0.05 to 0.1mg/kg q 72 hrs Fatty acids • Linseed oil • Flaxseed oil • Commercial fatty acid supplements Immunotherapy • The usefulness of allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) in equine insect hypersensitivity is unclear. Early attempts to use immunotherapy were reported to be unsuccessful. A few horses that had positive reactions to only mosquito or black fly extracts appear to respond well. • A small study was conducted using 14 horses in a double-blinded, placebocontrolled fashion using an aqueous whole body extract of C.variipenis. There ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology Chapter Science Week 2005 93
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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Australian College of Veterinary Sc
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3.00 Afternoon tea 3.30 How I treat
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Dr Jennifer A. Charles BVSc MVS Dip
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Scientists in Feline Medicine in 19
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IgE-bearing cells have been demonst
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years, median age 6.5 years, with a
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dusts, grain smuts, moulds, danders
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References: Evans AG, Paradis MR, &
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Comparatively simple, cheap and eff
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TABLE 1: CURRENT ALLERGENS SELECTED
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AmericanCockroach Cockroach mix
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Patient Preparation Drug Withdrawal
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Each injection site is visually exa
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References 1. Scott DW, Miller WH:
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Intradermal Testing (IDT) in Horses
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TABLE 2 Additional allergens used i
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Allergen Positive reactions Mosquit
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much higher and corresponded to the
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and this and other uncontrolled tri
Page 41 and 42: Introduction Diagnostic Approach to
Page 43 and 44: Wheals vary in size and shape and q
Page 45 and 46: References Evans AG, Paradis MR & O
Page 47 and 48: Introduction: Equine Chronic Urtica
Page 49 and 50: Acute treatment - Epinephrine 1:100
Page 51 and 52: anecdotal success with use of human
Page 53 and 54: an 80:20 mixture of evening primros
Page 55 and 56: Clinical approach to the horse with
Page 57 and 58: identify plants in a pasture that m
Page 59 and 60: Equine sarcoidosis Sonya Bettenay T
Page 61 and 62: described as a possible feature of
Page 63 and 64: others 2001), isotretinoin(Waldinge
Page 65 and 66: 12. LeGall, F., Loeuillet, L., Dela
Page 67 and 68: Introduction The equine sarcoid: an
Page 69 and 70: Clinical Presentation Small fibrous
Page 71 and 72: Assessment should be made on the fo
Page 73 and 74: (ix)Bone becomes devitalized if inc
Page 75 and 76: and mitomycin C have been used. All
Page 77 and 78: Owen LN & Barnett KC (1983) - Treat
Page 79 and 80: any anatomic location but commonly
Page 81 and 82: epidermis may be histologically nor
Page 83 and 84: References D.C. Knottenbelt, S. Edw
Page 85 and 86: indicated. Each sample for culture
Page 87 and 88: Proper dosage and proper duration a
Page 89 and 90: 2. Affect on the horse and 3. Affec
Page 91: Affected horses usually scratch and
Page 95 and 96: How I treat: equine pemphigus folia
Page 97 and 98: Treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in
Page 99 and 100: SCOTT, D.W., WALON, D.K., SLATER, M
Page 101 and 102: Diagnosis History of access of hors
Page 103 and 104: These vaccines are not manufactured
Page 105 and 106: References Alfaro AA & Mendoza L (1
Page 107 and 108: y a variety of fungal metabolites.
Page 109 and 110: Authors recommendations: 1. Both Im
Page 111 and 112: chorioptic mange by the author (Lit
Page 113 and 114: Clinical Disease The clinical resul
Page 115 and 116: treatment options have been used. P
Page 117 and 118: Notes ACVSC Proceedings Dermatology
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