Baltic Sea

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Feistel, R., W. Matthäus and E. Hagen, 2003a: Temporal and spatial evolution of the Baltic deep water renewal in spring 2003, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 623642. Feistel, R., G. Nausch and E. Hagen, 2003b: The Baltic inow of autumn 2001. In Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Wolfgang Matthäus (eds W. Fennel and B. Hentzsch), Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte No. 54, Institut für Ostseeforschung, Warnemünde. Feistel, R., G. Nausch and E. Hagen, 2006: Unusual Baltic inow activity in 2002-2003 and varying deep-water properties., Oceanologia, 48 (S), 2135. Feistel, R., G. Nausch, W. Matthäus, E. Šysiak-Pastuszak, T. Seifert, I. S. H. I. Sehested, V. Mohrholz, S. Krüger, E. Buch and E. Hagen, 2004: Background data to the exceptionally warm inow into the Baltic Sea in late summer of 2002, Marine Science Reports No. 58, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemünde. Feistel, R., G. Nausch, V. Mohrholz, E. Šysiak-Pastuszak, T. Seifert, W. Matthäus, S. Krüger and I. S. Hansen, 2003c: Warm waters of summer 2002 in the deep Baltic Proper, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 571592. Fennel, W., 1986: On the dynamics of coastal jets, in Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. int. Explor. Mer 186, pp. 3137. Fennel, W., T. Seifert and B. Kayser, 1991: Rossby radii and phase speeds in the Baltic Sea, Continental Shelf Research, 11 (1), 2336. Fischer, H. and W. Matthäus, 1996: The importance of the Drogden Sill in the Sound for major Baltic inows, Journal of Marine Systems, 9 (3-4), 137157. Franck, H., W. Matthäus and R. Sammler, 1987: Major inows of saline water into the baltic sea during the present century, Gerlands Beitr. zur Geophysik, 96, 517531. Griffies, S. M. and R. W. Hallberg, 2000: Biharmonic Friction with a Smagorinsky- Like Viscosity for Use in Large-Scale Eddy-Permitting Ocean Models, Monthly Weather Review, 128, 29352946. Griffies, S. M., M. J. Harrison, R. C. Pacanowski and Rosati, 2004: A Technical Guide to MOM4, Princeton, USA. 102
Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski, M. Schmidt and V. Balaji, 2001: Tracer conservation with an explicit free surface method for z-coordinate ocean models, Monthly Weather Review, 129, 10811098. Hagen, E., 2004: Beobachtungen uktuierender Randströme im Östlichen Gotlandbecken der Ostsee, in Meeresumwelt-Symposium 2004, Bundesamt für Seeschifahrt und Hydrographie, Hamburg, pp. 127138. Hagen, E. and R. Feistel, 2001: Spreading of Baltic deep water: A case study for the winter 1997-1998, Marine Science Reports No. 45, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemünde. Hagen, E. and R. Feistel, 2004: Observations of low-frequency current uctuations in the deep water of the Eastern Gotland Basin/Baltic Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109 (C03044), doi:10.1029/2003JC002017. Hagen, E. and T. Seifert, 2009: Tiefe Randströmungen im Östlichen Gotland Becken der Ostsee, Final project report, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research. Hela, I., 1944: Über die Schwankungen des Wasserstandes in der Ostsee mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Wasseraustausches durch die dänischen Gewässer, Annales Academiæ Scientiarum Fennicæ A, Mathematica-Physica, 28, 1108. HELCOM, 1993: First Assessment of the State of the Coastal Waters of the Baltic Sea, in Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings, Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki, No. 54. HELCOM, 2009: Total and regional Runo to the Baltic Sea, Internet, http://www. helcom.fi/BSAP_assessment/ifs/ifs2009/en_GB/Runoff. Huppert, H. E., 1971: On the stability of double-diusive layers, Deep-Sea Research, 18 (10), 10051022. Jackett, D., T. J. McDougall, R. Feistel, D. G. Wright and S. M. Griffies, 2006: Algorithms for density, potential temperature, conservative temperature, and the freezing temperature of seawater, Journal of Atmospheric Ocean Technology, 23 (12), 17091728. 103
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No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
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Contents Abstract Contents List of
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Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
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M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
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List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
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4.32 Regression sea level dierence
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1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
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circulation above topographic anks
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58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
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y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
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events. During and after such event
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this inow event was classied as 'mo
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Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
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(Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
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for the southernmost zonal section
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whereas the length of the NE time s
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have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
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dependent salt volumes for the deep
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7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
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Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
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inowing waters masses with variable
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following these bounds will be used
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60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
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Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
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Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
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190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
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Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
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deviation of the temperature uctuat
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4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
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Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
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For this reason, the displayed temp
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70: The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72: On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74: In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76: captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80: SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82: Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84: 160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86: Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88: Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90: Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92: needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94: and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96: Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98: Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100: Modelled volume transport through S
Page 101 and 102: discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104: to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106: of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108: Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110: a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112: 5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114: graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116: direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117: Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 121 and 122: Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123 and 124: Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 125 and 126: Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
Page 127 and 128: Appendix Current speed and directio
Page 129 and 130: Current speed and direction (cm/s)
Page 131 and 132: 2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134: Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136: 10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138: NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142: 26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144: 51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146: 78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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