Baltic Sea

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2.3.1 Model specications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3.2 Model data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 3 A case study of thermal variability following deep water intrusions in the Eastern Gotland Basin 24 3.1 The deep inow event . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 Mooring data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 MESODYN data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.2 Thermal variability on isopycnals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.1 Lateral patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.2 Vertical transects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.2.3 Vertical and temporal variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 3.2.4 Salinity and heat budgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2.5 Decay of temperature variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4 The Deep Circulation in the EGB (Inter-basin communication of deep <strong>Baltic</strong> basins and their eects for the deep circulation) 45 4.1 Hydrography of the Eastern Gotland Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.2 Propagation of temperature and current signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.3 The Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.3.1 Hydrography of the Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.3.2 Geostrophic velocities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.3.3 Transports through the Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.3.4 Propagation of deep water from the Stolpe Channel to the Eastern Gotland Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.3.5 Current uctuations within the Stolpe Channel - steering mechanism . 84 5 Discussion and Conclusions 95 5.1 Deep water intrusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.2 Deep boundary currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 5.3 Future Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Bibliography 101 v
Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
Page 1 and 2: No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
Page 3 and 4: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
Page 7: Contents Abstract Contents List of
Page 11 and 12: M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
Page 15 and 16: 4.32 Regression sea level dierence
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
Page 19 and 20: circulation above topographic anks
Page 21 and 22: 58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
Page 23 and 24: y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
Page 25 and 26: events. During and after such event
Page 27 and 28: this inow event was classied as 'mo
Page 29 and 30: Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
Page 31 and 32: (Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
Page 33 and 34: for the southernmost zonal section
Page 35 and 36: whereas the length of the NE time s
Page 37 and 38: have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
Page 39 and 40: dependent salt volumes for the deep
Page 41 and 42: 7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
Page 43 and 44: Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
Page 45 and 46: inowing waters masses with variable
Page 47 and 48: following these bounds will be used
Page 49 and 50: 60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
Page 53 and 54: Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
Page 55 and 56: 190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
Page 57 and 58: Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
Page 59 and 60:
deviation of the temperature uctuat
Page 61 and 62:
4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
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Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
Page 65 and 66:
For this reason, the displayed temp
Page 67 and 68:
6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70:
The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72:
On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74:
In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76:
captured eastward velocities up to
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Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
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SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
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Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
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160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
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Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88:
Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
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Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
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needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94:
and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
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Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98:
Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100:
Modelled volume transport through S
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discovered that most of the varianc
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to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106:
of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108:
Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110:
a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112:
5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114:
graphic cross-sections, conducted i
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direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118:
Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 119 and 120:
Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
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Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123 and 124:
Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 125 and 126:
Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix Current speed and directio
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Current speed and direction (cm/s)
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2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134:
Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136:
10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138:
NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140:
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142:
26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144:
51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146:
78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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Baltic Sea

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