Baltic Sea

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Stigebrandt, A., 1987: A Model for the Vertical Circulation of the Baltic Deep Water, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17 (10), 17721785. Stigebrandt, A., H. U. Lass, B. Liljebladh, P. Alenius, J. Piechura, R. Hietala and A. Beszczynska, 2002: DIAMIX- an experimental study of diapycnal deepwater mixing in the virtually tideless Baltic Sea, Boreal Environment Research, 7, 363369. Thiel, G., 1938: Strombeobachtungen in der westlichen Ostsee im Juli 1936, Tech. Rep. 58, Aus dem Archiv der Deutschen Seewarte und des Marineobservatoriums. Turner, J. S., 1965: The coupled turbulent transport of salt and heat across a sharp density interface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 8, 759767. Turner, J. S., 1979: Buoyancy Eects in Fluids, Cambridge University Press. Welander, P., 1974: Two-layer exchange in an Estuary Basin, with special reference to the Baltic Sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 4 (4), 542556. Wieczorek, G., E. Hagen and L. Umlauf, 2008: Eastern Gotland Basin case study of thermal variability in the wake of deep water intrusions, Journal of Marine Systems, 74, S65S79. Winant, C. D., 2004: Three-Dimensional Wind-Driven Flow in an Elongated, Rotating Basin, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34, 462476. Wüst, G., E. Noodt and E. Hagmeier, 1957: Ergebnisse eines hydrographischproduktionsbiologischen Längsschnitt durch die Ostsee im Sommer 1956, Kieler Meeresforschungen, 13, 163185. Wyrtki, K., 1954: Der groÿe Salzeinbruch in die Ostsee im November und Dezember 1951, Kieler Meeresforschungen, 10, 1925. Zhurbas, V., J. Elken and G. Väli, 2008: Pathways of Suspended Particles Released in the Bottom Boundary Layer of the Bornholm Deep, Baltic Sea (Numerical Simulations), in US/EU-Baltic International Symposium 2008, 27-29 May, 2008 IEEE/OES, Tallin, pp. 15, 10.1109/BALTIC.2008.4625495. 108
Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 2003: Generation of cyclonic eddies in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea following dense water inows: numerical experiments, Journal of Marine Systems, 38, 323336. Zhurbas, V. and V. Paka, 1997: Mesoscale thermohaline variability in the Eastern Gotland Basin following the 1993 major Baltic inow, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 (C9), 20,91720,926. Zhurbas, V. and V. Paka, 1999: What drives thermohaline intrusions the Baltic Sea?, Journal of Marine Systems, 21, 229241. 109
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No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
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Contents Abstract Contents List of
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Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
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M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
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List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
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4.32 Regression sea level dierence
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1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
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circulation above topographic anks
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58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
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y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
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events. During and after such event
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this inow event was classied as 'mo
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Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
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(Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
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for the southernmost zonal section
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whereas the length of the NE time s
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have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
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dependent salt volumes for the deep
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7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
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Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
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inowing waters masses with variable
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following these bounds will be used
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60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
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Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
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Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
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190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
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Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
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deviation of the temperature uctuat
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4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
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Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
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For this reason, the displayed temp
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6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
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The deep parts of the basin are exp
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On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74: In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76: captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80: SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82: Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84: 160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86: Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88: Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90: Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92: needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94: and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96: Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98: Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100: Modelled volume transport through S
Page 101 and 102: discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104: to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106: of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108: Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110: a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112: 5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114: graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116: direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118: Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 119 and 120: Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
Page 121 and 122: Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123: Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 127 and 128: Appendix Current speed and directio
Page 129 and 130: Current speed and direction (cm/s)
Page 131 and 132: 2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134: Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136: 10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138: NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142: 26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144: 51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146: 78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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