Baltic Sea

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2. Data and Methods 2.1 Data 2.1.1 MESODYN project 1997/98 In the following the hydrographic and current data of this study are summarised ordered by project: • CTD grid, EGB, Aug./Sep 1997, Apr. 1998: CTD measurements in the EGB: MESODYN-7 (M-7) August/September 1996, series of 13 × 16 CTD stations, MESODYN-8 (M-8) April 1998, series of 13 × 15 CTD stations with a distance of 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km) between the stations. • CTD station BMP271, EGB, 1997 - 98 Central monitoring station EGB BMP271: 57 ◦ 19.2 ′ N, 20 ◦ 3.0 ′ E • Mooring Northeast (NE), EGB, Aug. 1997 - Sep 1998: deployed at 57 ◦ 22.16 ′ N, 20 ◦ 20.0 ′ E in 220 m with continuous current meter and temperature measurements for almost 9 years (1999-2006). Only the overlapping time period with mooring SW was looked at in this case. • Mooring Southwest (SW), EGB, Aug. 1997 - Sep 1998: was deployed at 57 ◦ 04.53 ′ N, 19 ◦ 45.12 ′ E in 210 m depth on 29 August 1997 and recovered on 15 September 1998. 2.1.2 RAGO project 2006/07 • Moored ADCP, Stolpe Channel, Sep. 2006 - Feb. 2007: Deployment (22 September 2006) of two Teledyne RDI WorkHorse Monitor ADCPs 14
(Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) at the outlet of the Stolpe Channel in 75 m depth: ADCP SFN (600 kHz) located at 55 ◦ 22.23 ′ N,17 ◦ 30.12 ′ E recorded data until 18 December 2006. ADCP SFS (300 kHz) located at 55 ◦ 13.34'N, 17 ◦ 29.67 ′ E recorded data until 7 February 2007. • 2 CTD sections, Stolpe Channel, 22. + 29. Sep. 2006: across the Stolpe Channel (11 CTD stations) on 22 September 2006 at 55.1 − 55.5 ◦ N, 17.5 ◦ E; section repeated on 29 September 2006. • 2 CTD sections, EGB, 26./27. + 27./28. Sep. 2006: two diagonal sections (13 CTD stations each) in the EGB from northeast to southwest (26 − 27 September 2006) and from northwest to southeast (27 − 28 September 2006). • Moorings SE, NE and SW, EGB: Deployment (7 May 2006) of 3 moorings within the EGB (SE, NE & SW) in 224 m depth recorded current and temperature data, mooring SE at 57 ◦ 15.40 ′ N, 20 ◦ 14.40 ′ E and mooring SW at 57 ◦ 7.20 ′ N, 19 ◦ 51.60 ′ E until 30 March 2007. Mooring NE failed to be recovered, therefore it was replaced on the 27 September 2006 at (57 ◦ 22.16 ′ N, 20 ◦ 20.0 ′ E) and recorded current and temperature data until 30 March 2007. • CTD station BMP222, Stolpe Channel, 2006: Monitoring station Stolpe Channel: BMP222 at 55 ◦ 13.0199 ′ N, 17 ◦ 3.9417 ′ E. • CTD station BMP271, EGB,: Monitoring station BMP271 at 57 ◦ 19.2 ′ N, 20 ◦ 3.0 ′ E. • Meteorological stations, Arkona buoy and Hoburg, Gotland, 2006 - 2007: Wind data from Arkona buoy at 54 ◦ 55.92 ′ N, 13 ◦ 51.58 ′ E and wind data from Hoburg (HB), Gotland at 56 ◦ 55 ′ N, 18 ◦ 09 ′ E. • <strong>Sea</strong> Level gauges, several stations, 2006 - 2007: Hornbaek (HO, 56 ◦ 06 ′ N, 12 ◦ 28 ′ E), Gedser (GE, 54 ◦ 34 ′ N, 11 ◦ 56 ′ E) Sassnitz (SA, 54 ◦ 30.5 ′ N, 13 ◦ 38 ′ E), Ventspils (VP, 57 ◦ 24 ′ N, 21 ◦ 33 ′ E) and Landsort (LO, 58 ◦ 45 ′ N, 17 ◦ 52 ′ E). 15
Page 1 and 2: No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
Page 3 and 4: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
Page 7 and 8: Contents Abstract Contents List of
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
Page 11 and 12: M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
Page 15 and 16: 4.32 Regression sea level dierence
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
Page 19 and 20: circulation above topographic anks
Page 21 and 22: 58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
Page 23 and 24: y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
Page 25 and 26: events. During and after such event
Page 27 and 28: this inow event was classied as 'mo
Page 29: Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
Page 33 and 34: for the southernmost zonal section
Page 35 and 36: whereas the length of the NE time s
Page 37 and 38: have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
Page 39 and 40: dependent salt volumes for the deep
Page 41 and 42: 7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
Page 43 and 44: Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
Page 45 and 46: inowing waters masses with variable
Page 47 and 48: following these bounds will be used
Page 49 and 50: 60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
Page 53 and 54: Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
Page 55 and 56: 190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
Page 57 and 58: Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
Page 59 and 60: deviation of the temperature uctuat
Page 61 and 62: 4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
Page 63 and 64: Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
Page 65 and 66: For this reason, the displayed temp
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70: The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72: On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74: In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76: captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80: SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82:
Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84:
160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86:
Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88:
Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90:
Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92:
needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94:
and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96:
Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98:
Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100:
Modelled volume transport through S
Page 101 and 102:
discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104:
to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106:
of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108:
Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110:
a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112:
5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114:
graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116:
direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118:
Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 119 and 120:
Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
Page 121 and 122:
Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123 and 124:
Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 125 and 126:
Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix Current speed and directio
Page 129 and 130:
Current speed and direction (cm/s)
Page 131 and 132:
2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134:
Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136:
10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138:
NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140:
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142:
26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144:
51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146:
78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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Baltic Sea

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