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4.9 Geostrophic velocities on 22 and 29 September 2006 of Stolpe Channel . . . . 58 4.10 Zonal and meridional velocities at SFN and SFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.11 Modelled velocities east at SFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.12 Daily zonal velocities at SFN and SFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.13 Mean vertical proles of SFN and SFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.14 Sketch of volume transport calculations through Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . 64 4.15 Modelled and measured volume transports through Stolpe Channel . . . . . . 64 4.16 Calculated volume of EGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.17 Total salt content of deep EGB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 4.18 Baltic Sea map of modelled bottom salinity and currents . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 4.19 Modelled volume transport through Stolpe Channel, Gdansk Basin and Hoburg Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.20 Modelled salt transport through Stolpe Channel, Gdansk Basin and Hoburg Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 4.21 Cumulative volume through Stolpe Channel salt ≥ 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . 75 4.22 Cumulative salt through Stolpe Channel salt ≥ 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 4.23 Cumulative volume through Gdansk Basin salt ≥ 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . 78 4.24 Cumulative salt through Gdansk Basin salt ≥ 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 4.25 Cumulative salt through Hoburg Channel salt ≥ 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.26 Modelled hourly, daily and 5-daily deep volume transport through Stolpe Channel 83 4.27 Daily wind 38 (Arkona-Hoburg) and daily along-slope velocities of SFN and SFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4.28 Baltic Sea Map with sea level gauges and meteorological stations . . . . . . . 88 4.29 Standardised time series of sea level dierence SL ∆(Ventspils-Sassnitz) and regional wind 38 and regression of regional wind 38 (Arkona-Hoburg) with sea level dierence SL ∆(Ventspils-Sassnitz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 4.30 Depth correlation of 38 with zonal SFN/ zonal SFS; depth correlation of sea level dierence SL ∆ (Ventspils-Sassnitz) with zonal SFN/zonal SFS and standardised time series of 38 and zonal velocity (66-71m) . . . . . . . . 91 4.31 Regression SL ∆(Ventspils-Sassnitz) with zonal velocity/ volume transport (66 − 71 m) Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 xi
4.32 Regression sea level dierence SL ∆ (Ventspils-Sassnitz) with volume transport (below 9.5 kg/m 3 ) Stolpe Channel and wind 38 with volume transports Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.1 Currents at mooring SE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.2 Currents at mooring NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 5.3 Currents at mooring SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 5.4 Power Spectral Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.5 Cumulative volume through Stolpe Channel salt < 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.6 Cumulative salt through Stolpe Channel salt < 12 g/kg . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 5.7 Cumulative volume through Stolpe Channel whole water column . . . . . . . . 117 5.8 Cumulative salt through Stolpe Channel whole water column . . . . . . . . . . 118 5.9 Power spectrum of wind 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.10 Power spectral density Stolpe Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 5.11 Spectral density SE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 5.12 Power spectral density NE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5.13 Power spectral density SW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 xii
Page 1 and 2: No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
Page 3 and 4: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
Page 7 and 8: Contents Abstract Contents List of
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
Page 11 and 12: M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
Page 13: List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
Page 19 and 20: circulation above topographic anks
Page 21 and 22: 58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
Page 23 and 24: y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
Page 25 and 26: events. During and after such event
Page 27 and 28: this inow event was classied as 'mo
Page 29 and 30: Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
Page 31 and 32: (Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
Page 33 and 34: for the southernmost zonal section
Page 35 and 36: whereas the length of the NE time s
Page 37 and 38: have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
Page 39 and 40: dependent salt volumes for the deep
Page 41 and 42: 7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
Page 43 and 44: Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
Page 45 and 46: inowing waters masses with variable
Page 47 and 48: following these bounds will be used
Page 49 and 50: 60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
Page 53 and 54: Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
Page 55 and 56: 190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
Page 57 and 58: Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
Page 59 and 60: deviation of the temperature uctuat
Page 61 and 62: 4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
Page 63 and 64: Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
Page 65 and 66:
For this reason, the displayed temp
Page 67 and 68:
6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70:
The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72:
On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74:
In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76:
captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80:
SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82:
Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84:
160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86:
Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88:
Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90:
Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92:
needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94:
and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96:
Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98:
Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100:
Modelled volume transport through S
Page 101 and 102:
discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104:
to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106:
of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108:
Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110:
a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112:
5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114:
graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116:
direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118:
Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 119 and 120:
Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
Page 121 and 122:
Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123 and 124:
Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 125 and 126:
Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix Current speed and directio
Page 129 and 130:
Current speed and direction (cm/s)
Page 131 and 132:
2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134:
Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136:
10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138:
NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140:
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142:
26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144:
51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146:
78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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