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Time Period Salt ≥ 12 g/kg Salt < 12 g/kg Whole Water Column 2002 - 2009 3614 -5422 -1809 VoltrpSF 12 (km 3 ) May 2006 - March 2007 485 -1388 -902 Sep - Dec 2006 87 -654 -567 2002 - 2009 3874 18,516 22,391 VoltrpSF 12P (km 3 ) May 2006 - March 2007 523 2096 26,189 Sep - Dec 2006 102 558 660 2002 - 2009 -260 -23,939 -24,199 VoltrpSF 12N (km 3 ) May 2006 - March 2007 -38 -3484 -3521 Sep - Dec 2006 -15 -1212 -1226 2002 - 2009 46.9 -40.2 6.7 SaltrpSF 12 (Gt) May 2006 - March 2007 6.4 -11.7 -5.3 Sep - Dec 2006 1.2 -5.9 -4.8 2002 - 2009 50.2 176.2 226.4 SaltrpSF 12P (Gt) May 2006 - March 2007 6.9 19.8 26.7 Sep - Dec 2006 1.4 5.0 6.3 2002 - 2009 -3.3 -216.5 -219.7 SaltrpSF 12N (Gt) May 2006 - March 2007 -0.5 -31.5 -32.0 Sep - Dec 2006 -0.2 -10.9 -11.1 Table 4.4: Mass balance of modelled cumulative volume (km 3 ) and salt (Gt) with salt ≥ 12 g/kg, salt < 12 g/kg and whole water water column of Stolpe Channel. vious when eastward and westward transports are examined separately for the 87 day period. Table 4.5 highlights that daily eastward volume transports (VoltrpSF 9.5P ) are 89% of hourly values, eastward 5-day means (VoltrpSF 9.5P ) are still 86.9%, but 5-day means of VoltrpSF 12P are only 60.5%. These large dierences between the two 5-day means arise as a consequence of the way they are calculated. 5-day means of eastward (and westward) volume transports of VoltrpSF 9.5 are created from daily eastward (and westward) volume transports, whereas in contrast VoltrpSF 12 transport values are already extracted as 5-day means from the model. Negative (westward) daily transports (VoltrpSF 9.5N ) are 80% of the hourly values. The 5-day westward transports of VoltrpSF 9.5N are 24% smaller than hourly values between September and December 2006. Comparing the 5-day values of eastward transports (VoltrpSF 9.5P ) and westward transports (VoltrpSF 9.5N ) separately, in Table 4.5, higher volume transports are noted for 5-day transports derived from the hourly/daily data set. The discrepancy in the two 5-day data sets results from the dierent way these values were obtained. Eastward (and also westward) 5-day means were derived from the daily eastward volume transports and from daily the westward volume transports. However eastward and also westward transports 82
Modelled volume transport through Stolpe Channel 15 10 VoltrpSF 9.5 hourly VoltrpSF 9.5 daily VoltrpSF 9.5 5day VoltrpSF 12 5day Transport (km 3 /d) 5 0 5 10 15 20/09 30/09 10/10 20/10 30/10 09/11 19/11 29/11 09/12 19/12 29/12 Date in 2006 (dd/mm) Figure 4.26: Deep volume transports across the Stolpe Channel from model data. Hourly (blue) and daily transport values (red) were derived from densities higher 9.5 kg/m 3 , 5-day transports (cyan) from salinities higher 12g/kg. from VoltrpSF 12P and VoltrpSF 12N , were already extracted from the model as 5-day means and then sorted in positive (eastward) and negative (westward) transports. Had eastward (and also westward) 5-day averaged VoltrpSF 9.5 transports been generated from the eastward/westward currents presented in Fig. 4.26 as the black line, 5-day volume transports VoltrpSF 9.5P and VoltrpSF 9.5N would have been of similar magnitude as the original 5-day VoltrpSF 12 data set (the light blue line). Fig. 4.26 shows westward transports of VoltrpSF 12N on one occasion only. This is reected in the westward volume transports of VoltrpSF 12N , which are of only 16.7% and therefore 83.3% smaller than hourly transports, compare Table 4.5. This analysis reveals that 5-day values extracted from the model are insucient to represent realistic magnitudes of volume transports of the Stolpe Channel and also importantly, the 5- day mean data sets are not able to resolve uctuations frequently found in the range of 2 − 4 days. This explains why, for example, the high transport values in the Stolpe Channel on the 4 November 2006 are not visible in Fig. 4.19 nor in Fig. 4.26. The 5-day mean has its peaks 83
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No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
Page 3 and 4:
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 5 and 6:
Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
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Contents Abstract Contents List of
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Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
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M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
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List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
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4.32 Regression sea level dierence
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1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
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circulation above topographic anks
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58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
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y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
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events. During and after such event
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this inow event was classied as 'mo
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Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
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(Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
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for the southernmost zonal section
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whereas the length of the NE time s
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have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
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dependent salt volumes for the deep
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7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
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Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
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inowing waters masses with variable
Page 47 and 48: following these bounds will be used
Page 49 and 50: 60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
Page 53 and 54: Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
Page 55 and 56: 190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
Page 57 and 58: Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
Page 59 and 60: deviation of the temperature uctuat
Page 61 and 62: 4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
Page 63 and 64: Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
Page 65 and 66: For this reason, the displayed temp
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70: The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72: On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74: In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76: captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80: SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82: Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84: 160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86: Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88: Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90: Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92: needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94: and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96: Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97: Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 101 and 102: discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104: to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106: of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108: Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110: a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112: 5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114: graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116: direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118: Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
Page 119 and 120: Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
Page 121 and 122: Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
Page 123 and 124: Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
Page 125 and 126: Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
Page 127 and 128: Appendix Current speed and directio
Page 129 and 130: Current speed and direction (cm/s)
Page 131 and 132: 2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
Page 133 and 134: Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
Page 135 and 136: 10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
Page 137 and 138: NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
Page 139 and 140: Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 141 and 142: 26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
Page 143 and 144: 51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
Page 145 and 146: 78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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Baltic Sea

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