Baltic Sea

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marked in Fig. 1.1. Unfortunately the long-term mooring NE failed to be recovered on two previous occasions and therefore had to be replaced by a new mooring in September 2006. Depth (m) 60 80 100 120 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 140 07−May−2006 160 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 180 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 200 28−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 220 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 240 14−Nov−2006 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Potential Temperature ( o C) 120 A Depth (m) 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 140 150 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 07−May−2006 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 14−Nov−2006 5.2 5.4 5.6 5.8 6 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 Potential Temperature ( o C) B Depth (m) 140 160 180 200 220 240 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 07−May−2006 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 14−Nov−2006 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 Salinity (g/kg) 0 C Depth (m) 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 150 160 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 07−May−2006 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 14−Nov−2006 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Salinity (g/kg) D Depth (m) 50 100 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 07−May−2006 150 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 200 28−Sep−2006 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 14−Nov−2006 250 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Oxygen (ml/l) E Depth (m) 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 31−Jan−2006 01−Feb−2006 07−May−2006 08−May−2006 23−Jul−2006 23−Jul−2006 26−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 28−Sep−2006 13−Nov−2006 13−Nov−2006 14−Nov−2006 −0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 Oxygen (ml/l) Figure 4.3: Potential temperature (A and B), Salinity (C and D) and Oxygen (E and F) depth proles at central monitoring station of EGB (BMP271) in January, February, May, July, September and November 2006. The position is marked in Fig. 1.2. F 48
For this reason, the displayed temperature values in Fig. 4.5 exhibit a shorter time period than the two other moorings SE and SW. Having said that the inow entered the basin in intermediate layers in September 2006 and as a result large parts of it were also captured by the NE mooring. First daily temperature recordings of all three currents meters of mooring SE are analysed. The deployed instruments cover the whole enclosed deep basin with current meters in 175 m, 205 m and 220 m depth. Daily temperatures recorded by the upper most sensor (175 m) of mooring SE oscillated around 5.95 ◦ C before the inow and were marginally higher than temperatures measured by both the mid (205 m) and lower sensor (220 m). Before the inow was registered by the temperature sensors of the mid and lower current meter, temperatures seemed to be quite stable over larger periods of time and displayed only little uctuations. These stable periods are not necessarily caused by well mixed water masses, but could also be due to a lack of accuracy of current meter's temperature sensors (accuracy of ±0.05 ◦ C). The inow (see Fig. 4.4) was rst recognised by the uppermost sensor around 7 September 2006 and ended around 20 September 2006. Coldest temperatures of 5.65 ◦ C were recorded 6.4 6.3 175 m 205 m 220 m Daily Temperatures Mooring SE 6.2 6.1 Temperature ( o C) 6 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 22/06/06 11/08/06 30/09/06 19/11/06 08/01/07 27/02/07 Date (dd/mm/yy) Figure 4.4: Temperatures in 175, 205 and 220 m depth of mooring SE. 49
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No 88 2012 Spatiotemporal Scales of
Page 3 and 4:
Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
Page 5 and 6:
Abstract The Baltic Sea is surround
Page 7 and 8:
Contents Abstract Contents List of
Page 9 and 10:
Acknowledgement 109 Appendix 111 vi
Page 11 and 12:
M-7/M-8 Mesodyn hydrographic snapsh
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures 1.1 Baltic Sea - ba
Page 15 and 16: 4.32 Regression sea level dierence
Page 17 and 18: 1. Introduction 1.1 Investigations
Page 19 and 20: circulation above topographic anks
Page 21 and 22: 58 o N 190 230 210 100 75 100 100 7
Page 23 and 24: y 'new' deep water. For instance, i
Page 25 and 26: events. During and after such event
Page 27 and 28: this inow event was classied as 'mo
Page 29 and 30: Scale (PSS-78), roughly by 0.5%, as
Page 31 and 32: (Acoustic Doppler Current Proler) a
Page 33 and 34: for the southernmost zonal section
Page 35 and 36: whereas the length of the NE time s
Page 37 and 38: have a thickness of only 1.5 m in o
Page 39 and 40: dependent salt volumes for the deep
Page 41 and 42: 7 6.5 a Temperature ( o C) 6 5.5 5
Page 43 and 44: Potential Temperature ( o C) 8 7 6
Page 45 and 46: inowing waters masses with variable
Page 47 and 48: following these bounds will be used
Page 49 and 50: 60 80 100 −45 −50 −55 Pressur
Page 51 and 52: Monitoring Station BMP271 60 80 100
Page 53 and 54: Date 31.8.1997, 03.11.1997, 03.11.1
Page 55 and 56: 190 a 200 Depth (m) 210 220 230 240
Page 57 and 58: Date (ID) 〈S〉 V (g/kg) 〈θ〉
Page 59 and 60: deviation of the temperature uctuat
Page 61 and 62: 4. The Deep Circulation in the EGB
Page 63: Depth (m) 50 100 150 200 17 16 4.6
Page 67 and 68: 6.4 6.3 178 m 208 m 223 m Daily Tem
Page 69 and 70: The deep parts of the basin are exp
Page 71 and 72: On the 29 September 2006 between 60
Page 73 and 74: In the geostrophic balance horizont
Page 75 and 76: captured eastward velocities up to
Page 77 and 78: Figure 4.11: Modelled current veloc
Page 79 and 80: SFS and SFN. At the southern ank a
Page 81 and 82: Mean Volume Transports Mean Volume
Page 83 and 84: 160 170 180 Volume of EGB below 170
Page 85 and 86: Basin 55.9 ◦ N. From there the bo
Page 87 and 88: Volume transports (km 3 /d) 15 10 5
Page 89 and 90: Gdansk Basin happened a few weeks e
Page 91 and 92: needs some explanation, since the l
Page 93 and 94: and Fig. 4.24 and displayed in Tabl
Page 95 and 96: Salt (t) 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 x 10 10
Page 97 and 98: Time Period Stolpe Channel at 17.5
Page 99 and 100: Modelled volume transport through S
Page 101 and 102: discovered that most of the varianc
Page 103 and 104: to the right (perpendicular) to the
Page 105 and 106: of salty and often well oxygenated
Page 107 and 108: Depth (m) 40 45 50 55 60 4 3 2 1 0
Page 109 and 110: a correlation coecient of R=-0.68 a
Page 111 and 112: 5. Discussion and Conclusions 5.1 D
Page 113 and 114: graphic cross-sections, conducted i
Page 115 and 116:
direction as the wind. The deep lay
Page 117 and 118:
Bibliography Axell, L. B., 1998: On
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Griffies, S. M., R. C. Pacanowski,
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Matthäus, W., 1993: Major inows of
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Rubio, A., D. Gomis, G. Jordà and
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Zhurbas, V., I. Oh and V. Paka, 200
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Appendix Current speed and directio
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Current speed and direction (cm/s)
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2 1.5 1 Cumulative volume through S
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Volume (km 3 ) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
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10 3 Regional Wind 7 Power Spectra
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NE along−slope at 178m 10 2 10 1
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Meereswissenschaftliche Berichte MA
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26 (1997) Lakaschus, Sönke: Konzen
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51 (2002) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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78 (2009) Wasmund, Norbert; Pollehn
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