Adverbial and Argument-Doubling Clauses in Cree - MSpace

endering the sentence unacceptable. The constituents of an NP could even be separated
fiom each other.
The fiee word order of constituents is show in example (9). Al1 three sentences,
while showing a variety of constituent orders, have the sarne syntactic meaning.
(9) Ngarrka-ngku ka wawim panti-mi.
man ERG AUX kangaroo spear NONPAST
'The man is spearing the kangaroo.' (Hale, 1983:06)
Wawirri ka panti-mi ngarrka-ngku.
Panti-mi ka ngarrka-ngku wawim.
An example of syntactically discontinuous constituents in given in (10).
(10) Wawirri kapi-ma panti-mi yalumpu.
kangaroo AUX spear NONPAST that
'1 will spear t hat kangaroo. ' (Hale, 1983 :06)
And, finally, in (1 1) we see the sentence shown above in (9) now with only one NP (1 la)
and (1 1 b), or none at dl (1 lc). Al1 versions are acceptable Warlpiri sentences.
(1 1) a. Ngarrka-ngku ka panti- mi.
man ERG AUX spear NONPAST
'The man is spearing him/her/it.'
b. Wawirri ka panti-rni.
kangaroo AUX spear NONPAST
'Helshe is spearing the kangaroo. '
c. Pant i-rni kaspear
NONPAST AUX
'He/she is spearing himherfit . '
(Hale, l983:O7)