Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation TABLE 3.3 TRANSPORTATICM SOURCES A. BOATS, SHIPS Source ~ype Dominant BU, Hz Max 1/3 0ct.H~ Tcnporel Tim Source Level Date fmin fmx Ls1,dB freq. Ls2,clB Pattern Ratio TL Weas/Est Reference b (1) 800' Oil Tanker (16kt) novi ng 2 4 205' 2 203 Cont. 1 M/E Cytulski (19771, and Heine and Gray (1977) Icebreaker (transit at 1Okt) moving 63 1250 181 100 174 Cont. 1 M Wiles et al. (1987) 5831 Diesel Ship (1Okt) moving 63 4000 177 315 168 Cont. 1 W Melme et el. (1982) 352' Ferry (16kt) moving 40 630 175 125 171 Cont. 1 M Malme et el. (1982) Tug and Barge (1Okt) wing 100 12500 171 630 162 Cont. 1 M Maline et el. (1982) b 110' Twin-screw diesel (IOkt) moving 315 16000 168 630 159 Cont. 1 M Matme et al. (1982) 65' Twin-scrw diesel (10kt) moving M0 MOO 156 1600 150 Cont. 1 M Malme et at. (1982) Notes: (1) From measurements by Cwlski ud class averages reported by Heine and Gray for operations in day, water. b Bandwidth Limited by evai leble data (refers to nabar below or to Left) B. AIRCRAFT Source Type Dominant BU, Hz Rex 1/3 Oct,Hz Tmporal Time Source Level Data fmin faux Ls1,dB freq. Ls2,dB Pattern Ratio TL Weas/Est Reference (2) (2) f-4C jet fighter (100% T/O,A/B) moving 100 COO0 192 160 183 Cont. 1 M BEN archives (100% Thrust, T/O) wing 250 8000 186 630 178 Cont. 1 M II (87% Thrust, Appr.) moving 125 3150 175 200 166 Cont. 1 M H Boeing 737-200, 2-eng. jet (T/O)moving 100 800 185 125 180 Cont. 1 M (Cruise) moving 125 1600 161 160 1% Cont. 1 n Learjet, 2-cog. jet (T/O) moving 125 5000 182 630 173 Cont. 1 M II (Cruise) moving 125 2000 177 500 169 Cont. 1 n C-130, 4-eng. turboprop (T/O) moving 63 160 175 125 171 Cont. 1 n a, also Lockheed Electra (Appr.) moving 50 1600 158 160 152 Cont. 1 M II b Douglas DC-6 4-eng. prop (T/O) moving 50 1250 174 125 164 Cont. 1 M II
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation TABLE 3.3 TRANSPORTAT ION SWRCES C. HELICOPTERS (All turbine powcrd) Source Type Dominant BU, Hz fnin famx Ls1,dB b Bell 205 (UH-11) (Loaded) moving 50 400 165 (Appr . ) roving 50b 400 161 b Bell 222 (T/O) moving 50 800 152 (Appr . moving 100 800 161 Sikorsky Sbl (HH-3F) (Cruise) moving 31.5 250 156 b Bell 2060 (OH-58) (Cruise) mving 50 800 151 Max 1/3 Oct,Hz Tcnporal freq. Ls2,dB Pattern 63 158 Cmt. 200 155 Cont. 125 146 Cmt. 160 155 Cont. 40 152 Cont. 200 145 Cmt. Tim Source Level Data Ratio TL Mees/Est Referme 1 M BBN Archives 1 M Note: b Bandwidth Limitd by available data (refers to nnkr klon or to Left) another 5 to 10 dB lower than that of the 2-engine turboprop, averaging about 155 to 160 dB. Cruise and approach power settings can be seen in the table to produce considerably lower source levels, ranging from 5 to 15 dB less than those measured for takeoff power. The takeoff power acoustic source level data is thus the most relevant for estimating the potential noise impact of aircraft operations. Source level spectra for selected aircraft are shown in Fig. 3.15. The spectra shown have been adjusted for a 1 pPa reference pressure but are shown for the customary 300 m altitude measurement distance. The figure shows that the spectra fall into three groups based on average level and spectrum shape. The jet fighter and other jet transport aircraft have highest output levels and the broadest spectrum output. The large turboprop and modern turbofan aircraft have output spectra in the intermediate range with the turboprop showing low frequency spectrum peaks caused by propeller noise. The light 2-engine turboprop and single-engine propeller aircraft have the lowest noise output. While the low frequency noise output of the 2-engine turboprop can be seen to be higher than that of the single-engine propeller, as expected, the band levels above 400 Hz are lower for the 2-engine turboprop. This may be the result of the examples chosen and not necessarily true for general class averages. Helicopters The helicopter source level data shown in Table 3.3C have also been adjusted to a 1 pPa pressure reference and a 1 m reference range to permit direct comparison of the data with those in the other tables. The group of helicopters shown in the table does not include the largest and smallest that
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A BEAUFORT SEA B U WCH SEA CHOPEaAS
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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Table 2.8. Characteristics of Under
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Page 106 and 107: FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
Page 112 and 113: Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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Page 124 and 125: FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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Page 132 and 133: FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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Page 138 and 139: FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
Page 142 and 143: FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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