Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 E -25 n 0 -30 -35 -40 -45 1 1 I I i I -50 , I . 1430 1440 1450 1460 1471) 1400 1490 1500 Sound Speed, m/sac Figure 4.2. Range of Sound Speed Profiles for Study Areas. transmission loss characteristics using published information on bottom characteristics and sound speed profiles. The source and receiver depths used in the modeling work were 5 m and 10 m respectively to represent the average depth of ship and boat propellers and a representative depth of marine mammal habitat. It was necessary to perform both frequency and depth averaging of the model output to obtain transmission loss characteristics that were not over.1~ influenced by single frequency interference patterns. For most of the analysis the model output for three frequencies was averaged, corresponding to the upper, middle, and lower frequencies of a 1/3 octave band. In this way, results for the 100, 315, and 1000 Hz 1/3 octave bands were obtained. In addition, the received levels were depth-averaged from 5 to 15 m. An example of the output of the IFD Model is shown in Fig. 4.3. Here propagation in a region of the Norton Basin Planning Area with a depth of 33 m was considered. Figure 4.3A presents the predicted transmission loss at 3 frequencies for the strong surface layer profile shown in Fig. 4.2. Using information obtained from the literature (Mackenzie 1973), the model incorporated a bottom composition of silt-sand with a thickness of 2 m and a sub-bottom layer of basalt. The transmission loss for the same region under neutral gradient conditions is shown in Fig. 4.3B. The transmission loss characteristics can be seen to be similar out to a range of 3 km. Beyond this range the loss can be seen to be significantly less for the neutral gradient condition, with the greatest difference occurring at 1 kHz. These results indicate that the range of influence of the loudest industrial noise sources can be changed considerably by seasonal effects on the sound speed profile. Transmission loss data reported by Mackenzie (1961) for transmission at 200 Hz using a shallow source and receiver are also shown in Fig. 4.3B. Unfortunately no data are available at other frequencies for these conditions in this area.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Figure 4.3A. Range, km Norton Basin Transmission Loss Surface Layer Conditions. Source Depth 5 m, Receiver depth 10 m. Figure 4.38. Range, km Norton Basin Transmission Loss Neutral Gradient Conditions, Source Depth 5 m, Receiver Depth 10 m.
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Page 106 and 107: FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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