Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Stierman, D.J. 4980, Earthquake Sounds and Animal Cues; Some Field Observations, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. (70)2: 639-643. Stirling, I. 1973. Vocalization in the ringed seal (Phoca hispida). J. Fish. Res . Board Can. 30 : 1592- 1594. Stirling, I., W. Calvert and H. Cleator. 1983. Underwater vocalizations as a tool for studying the distribution and relative abundance of wintering pinnipeds in the high arctic. Arctic 36:262-274. Stirling, I., W. Calvert and C. Spenser. 1987. Evidence of stereotyped underwater vocalizations of male Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus). Can. J. 2001. 65: 2311-2321. Stirling, I.A. and T.G. Smith. 1975. Interrationships of Arctic Ocean mammals in the sea ice habitat. p. 129-136 In: Proc. Circumpol. Conf. on Northern Ecology. Nat. Res. Counc. Can., Ottawa. . Stoll, R.D. and G. M. Bryan. 1970. Wave attenuation in saturated sediments, J. Acoust Soc. Am., 47 (5,P2):1440-1447. Swartz, S.L. and W.C. Cummings. 1978. Gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, in Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California, Mexico. Rep. from San Diego Nat. Hist. Museum for Marine Mammal Comm., Washington, DC. MMC-77/04. 38.p. NTIS PB-2763 19. Sykes, L.R. 1971, Aftershock Zones of Great Earthquakes, Seismicity Gaps, and Earthquake Prediction for Alaska and the Aleutians, J. Geophys. Res. 76(32): 8021-8041. Taber , J . J . , J. Beavan. 1986, 14 February 1983 Earthquake Sequence in the Shumagin Islands, Alaska, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. 76(6) : 1588-1596. Terhune, J.M. and K. Ronald. 1971. The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). X. The air audiogram. Can. J. 2001. 49 :385-390. Terhune, J.M. and K. Ronald. 1972. The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). I 11. The underwater audiogram. Can. J. 2001. 50:565- 569. Terhune, J.M. 1988. Detection thresholds of a harbour seal to repeated underwater high-frequency, short-duration sinusoidal pulses. Can. J. 2001. 66(7): 1578-1582. Terhune, J.M. and K. Ronald. 1974. Underwater hearing of phocid seals. I.C.E.S. C.M. 1974/N:5. 11 p. Terhune, J.M. and K. Ronald. 1975a. Underwater hearing sensitivity of two ringed seals (Pusa hispida). Can. J. 2001. 53:227-231. Terhune, J.M. and K. Ronald. 1975b. Masked hearing thresholds of ringed seals. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 58:515-516.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Terhune, J.M. 1981. Influence of loud vessel noises on marine mammal hearing and vocal communication. p. 270-286 In: N.M Peterson (ed.), The question of sound from icebreaker operations: the proceedings of a workshop. Arctic Pilot Project, Petro-Canada, Calgary, Alberta. 350 p. Thomas, J., N. Chun, W. Au, and K. Pugh. 1988. Underwater audiogram of a false killer whale (~seudorca crassidens). J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 84 ( 3) : 936-940. Thompson, P .O. , W .C . Cummings and S . J . Ha. 1986. Sounds, source levels, and associated behavior of humpback whales, Southeast Alaska. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 803735-740. Thompson, R.K.R. and L.M. Herman. 1975. Underwater frequency discrimination in the bottlenosed dolphin (1-140 kHz) and the human (1-8 kHz). J. Acoust. SOC. Am. 57 : 943-948. Thompson, T.J., H.E. Winn and P.J. Perkins. 1979. Mysticete sounds. p. 403-431 In: H.E. Winn and B.L. Olla (eds.), Behavior of Marine Animals Vol. 3: Cetaceans. Plenum Press, New York. Thomson, D.H. (ed.). 1984. Feeding ecology of the gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) in the Chirikof Basin, summer 1982. U.S. Dept. Comm., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 43( 1986) :209-460. NTIS PB87-192118. Troy, D.M. and S.R. Johnson. 1987. Marine mammals. p. 423-457 In: J.C. Truett (ed.), Environmental characterization and biological utilization of the North Aleutian Shelf nearshore zone. U.S. Dept. Comm., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 531 p. Turl, C.W. 1980. Literature review on: I. Underwater noise from offshore oil operations and 11. Underwater hearing and sound productions of marine mammals. Rep. by Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego. 41 p. Tyack, P. 1981. Interactions between singing Hawaiian humpback whales and conspecif ics nearby. Behav . Ecol . Sociobiol . 8 : 105- 1 16. Tyack, P. and H. Whitehead. 1983. Male competition in large groups of wintering humpback whales. Behaviour 83:132-154. Tyack, P. 1986. Whistle repertoires of two bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus: mimicry of signature whistles? Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18:251- 257. Urick, R.J. 1972. Noise signature of an aircraft in level flight over a hydrophone in the sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52:993-999. Urick, R.J. 1971, The Noise of Melting Icebergs, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50 (1 part 2): 337-341. Urick, R.J. 1983, Principals of Underwater Sound, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York .
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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FIG. 4.1 1 AIR TO SHALLOW WATER SOU
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