Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation procedure. If large numbers of commercial vessels and small craft are in operation concurrently, their combined noise contribution will be larger than suggested by the SNC and SER values shown in Tables 5.4A and 5.4B. However, the modeling procedure suggests that it would require operation of more than 300 tugs or a combination of sources with comparable output to obtain SER values approaching those obtained for operation of one icebreaker. For the other two species, the white whale Reference SER ratings are somewhat higher than those of the walrus for all of the sources except for the KULLUK. Since the hearing sensitivity for the walrus was assumed to be comparable to that of the California sea lion, no conclusions will be made based on the small species-to-species differences suggested by the model. The large difference between the SER ratings for the smaller mammals and those for the gray whale is due to the difference in hearing ranges, i.e. the likelihood that the gray whale is more sensitive in the low frequency range of most industrial sources. Therefore, even though the hearing-sensitivity characteristic for the gray whale has been estimated, the trend shown in the SER ratings is probably valid. Note, however, that the SER value for the white whale and icebreaker is nearly as high as that of the gray whale - probably as a result of the high frequency content of the cavitation noise. The results of the SNC Model analysis for the Chukchi area during winter conditions with 100% ice cover are given in Table 5.5A. The sources considered were limited to those that would operate under conditions of heavy ice cover. The vibroseis seismic exploration source can be seen to have the highest SNC rating with the vibroseis convoy and the tracked vehicle having consid6rably lower values. The vibroseis source level data are based on only one measurement with an estimated TL correction. As a result the SNC ratings for this source should be regarded as order of magnitude estimates. The values obtained for the snowmachine also should be considered order of magnitude estimates. The SER model was used for analyzing a vibroseis - ringed seal encounter with the results presented in Table 5.5B and illustrated in Fig. 5.3. The reference SER rating of 165 is 69 dB higher than the SNCl value of 96 indicating a significant acoustic interaction potential. Norton Basin The results of the model analysis for Norton Basin during late spring and summer are shown in Table 5.6A. Sources associated with hypothetical oil industry operations, together with existing gold dredging, transportation, and cultural activities, were used in the SNC Model. Noise data from a large transfer dredge, the BEAVER MACKENSIE, were used to approximate the noise output of the gold dredging operation in the Nome area, since specific measurements of noise from the BIMA (Sec. 5.1.4) were not available. The number of smaller sources considered to be operating concurrently represents an average value for a high-use period within the entire planning area.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation TABLE 5.5A STAYOAROlZEO NOISE COITRIWTIQI IIODEL, Chokchi Plaming Area, Uinter - 100% ice cover . Ref. areas wed in nodel (ld2): Total overall, 124000 ; Coastal (c), 1UO Ref. Range, 300 n; Max. Effctiva Rum; ship, aircraft (h)- 3.5 0.3 e - atirtad vatu Ref. 300 n Mov.Srce.Corr. source Type Speed Ominnt W, Hz Max lf Oct,~z D.W )Ix l/3 Area TravTir Whr fnin fu Lal,d) fraq. Ls2.a Lr1.d) Lr2,d) -,dB Tt/Tr Vibros. Convoy local . 160 500 167 500 160 121 114 . 0 1.00 Fluc. Equiv. Encntr. Exp. SIC Ratings Corr. Lwel Prab. Yu. D.WMxl/S Tf/Tr 1aq.a Pa Y SIC1,db SYC2 l 0.05 146 8.1E-06 1 95 95 TABLE 5.58 STANOAROIZEO EXPOSURE RATING IIODEL, Chukchi Sea Pluning Area, Uinter - 100% ice cwrr cmdi tim Source Informtion fra SYC Ilod.1, Ref. R q - 300 n e - estirted value SOURCE Ominmt BU, Max l/3 0ct Yo. YCl RECEIVER Ds Hearing BU, kHz Sensitivity Lr3 M f f SER, dB SER- Fa1 Fsh Fs,Hz Lr2,d) Y dB Species Y/kna2 Frl Frh Fr -,dB Ss,dB d) kHz Ref. Area SYCl eg l e e e e e e Vibroseia 25 315 125 159 1 % RingedSeal 0.5 3 50 16 70 76 130 32 165 162 66
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A BEAUFORT SEA B U WCH SEA CHOPEaAS
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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A BEAUFCRT SEA B CHW(CH SEA CHOPEBA
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A BEAUFCRT SEA BWKQIYA DrnTONBAsw E
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A BEAUFORT SEA BCHlKCHSEA CHaeEansr
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on the ice. The single calves remai
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A 0EAUFaAT SEA BCHJKCH 9 A CHaPE BA
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BCmrcCHSEA CHOPEBnsw 0 NORTON 0Am E
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.. A BEWORT SEA B WKCH SEA CH)PEBAS
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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-- Alr Gun Array + Vlbrosels -* Ice
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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~ -- -- FIG. 3.1 7 REPRESENTATIVE R
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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