Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Leatherwood, S. and R.R. Reeves. 1983. Whales and dolphins. Sierra Club Books, San Francisco, CA. 302 p. Lee, D. and G. Botseas. 1982. IFD: An Implicit Finite-Difference Computer Model for Solving the Parabolic Equation, NUSC Tech. Report 6659, Naval Underwater Systems Center, Newport, RI, various paging. Lee, W.H.K., M. Ando, W.H. Kautz. 1976, A Summary of the Literature on Unusual Animal Behavior Before Earthquakes, Open File Report 76-826, U .S . Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA. Lentfer, J.W. 1978. Polar bear. p. 218-225 In: D. Haley (ed.), Marine mammals of eastern North Pacific and Arctic waters. Pacific Search Press, Seattle, WA. Levenson, C. 1974. Source level and bistatic target strength of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon) measured from an oceanographic aircraft. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55: 1100-1103. L jungblad , D.K. , S . Leatherwood and M. E . Dahlheim. 1980. Sounds recorded in the presence of an adult and calf bowhead whale. Mar. Fish. Rev. 42(9- 10) :86-87. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, D.R. Van Schoik and C.S. Winchell. 1982a. Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and northern Bering Seas. Tech. Doc. 486, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA. 406 p. NTIS AD-A126 542/0. L jungblad , D. K. , P. 0. Thompson and S. E . Moore. 1982b. Underwater sounds recorded from migrating bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, in 1979. J. Acous t . Soc . Am. 7 1 : 477-482. L jungblad, D. K. , P. D. Scoggins and W .G. Gilmartin. 1982c. Auditory thresholds of a captive eastern Pacific bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops spp. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72(6):1726-1729. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, J.T. Clarke, D.R. Van Schoik and J.C. Bennett. 1985. Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the northern Bering, eastern Chukchi and Alaskan Beaufort Seas, 1984: with a six year review, 1979- 1984. OCS Study MMS 85-0018; NOSC Tech. Rep. 1046. Rep. from Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, for U.S. Minerals Manage. Serv., Anchorage, AK. 302 p. NTIS AD-A158 946. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, J.T. Clarke. 1986a. Assessment of bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) feeding patterns in the Alaskan Beaufort and northeastern Chukchi Seas via aerial surveys, fall 1979-84. Rep. Int. Whal. Comm. 36:265-272.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, J.T. Clarke and J.C. Bennett. 1986b. Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the northern Bering, eastern Chukchi, and Alaskan Beaufort Seas, 1985: with a seven year review, 1979-85. OCS Study MMS 86-0002; NOSC Tech. Rep. 1177. Rep. from Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, for U.S. Minerals Manage. Serv., Anchorage, AK. 409 p. NTIS AD-A172 753. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, J.T. Clarke and J.C. Bennett. 1987. Distribution, abundance, behavior and bioacoustics of endangered whales in the Alaskan Beaufort and eastern Chukchi Seas, 1979-86. OCS Study MMS 87-0039; NOSC Tech. Rep. 1111. Rep. from Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego,. CA, for U.S. Minerals Manage. Serv., Anchorage, AK. 391 p. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore and D.R. Van Schoik. 1983. Aerial surveys of endangered whales in the Beaufort, eastern Chukchi, and northern Bering Seas, 1982. NOSC Tech. Doc. 605. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego CA. 382 p. NTIS AD-A134 772/3. Ljungblad, D.K., B. Wursig, S.L. Swartz and J.M. Keene. 1985. Observations on the behavior of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the presence of operating seismic exploration vessels in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. OCS Study MMS 85-0076. Rep. from SEACO, Inc. , San Diego, CA, for U .S. Minerals Manage. Serv. , Anchorage, AK. 88 p. NTIS PB87- 1293 18. Ljungblad, D.K., S.E. Moore, J.T. Clarke and J.C. Bennett. 1987. Distribution, abundance, behavior and bioacoustics of endangered whales in the Alaskan Beaufort and eastern Chukchi Seas, 1979-86. OCS Study MMS 87-0039.,NOSC Tech. Rep. 1177, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA, and SEACO Inc. , San Diego, CA. NTIS PB88- 1 16470 or AD-A183 934/9. Ljungblad, D.K., B. Wursig, S.L. Swartz and J.M. Keene. 1988. Observations on the behavioral responses of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) to active geophysical vessels in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Arctic 4 1(3) : 183- 194. Lloyd, D.S., C.P. McRoy and R.H. Day. 1981. Discovery of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) breeding on Bogoslof Island, southeastern Bering Sea. Arctic 34:318-320. Mackenzie, K. V. 196 1. Long-range shallow-water transmission. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33(11):1505-1514. Mackenzie, K.V. 1973, Long-range propagation in the shallow Bering Sea, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54(4) : 1066-1080. Malme, C.I., P.R. Miles, C.W. Clark, P. Tyack and J.E. Bird. 1983. Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behavior. BBN Rep. 5366. Rep. from Bolt Beranek and Newrnan Inc. , Cambridge, MA, for U .S. Minerals Manage. Serv . , Anchorage, AK. NTIS PB86- 174 174. I
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BBN Svstems and Technologies Cor~or
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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Tec
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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FIG. 4.1 1 AIR TO SHALLOW WATER SOU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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