Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation disturbance response data are needed for other species before a broader based testing of the procedure can be performed. Chukchi Sea Table 5.4A shows the model results for the summer 50% ice cover condition. The sources considered were based on assumed'oil exploration and drilling activity, together with representative commercial cargo barge and near-shore small craft activity. The dredge example used was the AQUARIUS, a transfer dredge which had the highest noise output of the examples obtained for the study. The two drill rigs considered were a drillship (EXPLORER 11) and a drilling barge (KULLUK). The icebreaker example used was based on the ROBERT LEMEUR, an ice-breaking supply vessel, for which source level data are available. The noise level output of larger Polar-Class icebreakers is estimated to be significantly higher. (See Sec. 3.3.1 for details of noise characteristics from these sources.) The loudest sources in terms of maximum level at the reference range (300 m) are the seismic array, icebreaker, dredge, and drilling barge. These sources are considered to found operating anywhere within the entire planning area with equal probability. The cargo barges operate primarily along the coast in a coastal zone which is assumed to extend offshore to a range of 4 km. An estimated coastal zone area is used in determining the Pe value for this source. The sources selected for use with the SER ~ocel because of their high SNC ratings were the seismic array, icebreaker, KULLUK., and the commercial tug/ barge combination. Although the received level ratings for the tug/barge type of source are lower than those of several other sources such as the drillship, the SNC rating is high because of its high probability of encounter. The output level and spectrum for the dredge are similar to those of the KULLUK so the results of the model analysis for the KULLUK can also be considered to apply to the dredge. The review of mammal distribution in Section 2 indicated that three species to be found in the Chukchi during the summer season in relatively large numbers are gray whales, walruses, and white whales. The results of the SER Model analysis using the four dominant sources and these three species are shown in Table 5.4B. The results of the SER analyses shown in Table 5.4B have been also plotted in bar graph form to illustrate the relationships between the SNC1, SER(ref) , and SER(area) values. The resulting graph is shown in Fig. 5.3. Figure 5.3 is an SER rating comparison for the Chukchi Sea area. It is based on values from Tables 5.4B and 5.5B for summer and winter seasons in this area. The information presented allows a comparison of the acoustic influence potential of the various major source and species interactions that are possible in this area. Only the dominant sources and the species of greatest population density and/or greatest importance are considered.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation TABLE 5.4A STAY)AROIZEO NOISE MYTRIWTIOY IIODEL, Chukchi Plming Area, SIlaar - 50% ice cover Ref. areas used in mdel (WZ): total overpll, 12)000 ; Coastal (c); 1860 Ref. Rmgc, 300 R; W.X. Effrtiw R-e; ship, aircraft (h)- 3 0.5 (e - ativted value) Ref. 300 Mov.Srce.Corr. Fluc. Equiv. Ewntr. Exp. SNC Ratings Source Type Sped Oaninnt BY, Hz Max 1/3 Oct,Hz 0.Bnd llx 1/3 Area TravTillc Corr. Level Prob. Nu. 0.M llx 1/3 (kts) fmin frx L8l.B fraq. Ls2,dB Lr1.B Lr2.d) Cl,B TtlTr Tf/Tr Leq.dB Pa N SNC1,B SNCZ . . Orillship fixed 20 800 174 63 167 128 121 0 1.00 1 128 8.lE-06 1 77 70 Kulluk fixed 40 1250 185 LOO 177 139 131 0 1.00 1 139 8.1E-06 1 M 80 l Dredge (AP.) f ixed 50 630 185 200 111) 139 132 0 1.00 0.8 . 138 8.1E-06 1 87 80 Icebreaker local Seismic Array mvng 5 Twin Outdrv.(c)mww 20 13' Haler (c) mm 20 Bell 2068 Helo mvng 80 . Bell 205 nelo mww 00 TABLE 5.46 STWOAROIZEO EXPOSURE RATING WEL, Chukchi Sea Plming Area, 5Oi ice cowr condi tim Source lnforutim from SWC Model, Ref. Rmge - 300 a l - rtinted wlu (c) - coutal area source m C E Domirunt EM, FsL Fsh Seismic Array 20 160 Seiuic Arr&y 20 160 )(u 113 Oct Fs,Uz Lr2,dB 50 164 50 164 RECEIVER w=ia (0 PU. Ualnm Gray Halt Hearing EM, kHz Sensitivity Frl Frh Fr sm,B ss,e e e e e e 0.7 30 15 80 80 e e l e l 0.09 9 0.7 40 41 EER, e SER- Ref. Area WC1 e e a 161 160 65 e e e 212 197 102 Seiuic Array 20 160 Icebreaker 40 6300 Icebreaker 40 6300 Icebreaker 40 6300 Kul luk 40 1250 Kul luk 40 1250 Kulluk 40 1250 lug/Bary tc) 100 12500 Tw/Barge (c) 100 12500 lw/Barge (c) 100 12500 50 164 100 137 100 137 100 137 400 131 400 131 400 131 630 116 630 116 630 116 Hite Hale Pu. YBLM Gray Hale Hite Hale Pu. Wlrus Gray Hale Hite Hale Pac. Ualrur Gray Yhale Hite Hale Note (1): Hearing charuteristic for California sea lim ued for Pacific nlrus.
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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A BEAUFCRT SEA B CHW(CH SEA CHOPEBA
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A BEAUFCRT SEA BWKQIYA DrnTONBAsw E
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A BEAUFORT SEA BCHlKCHSEA CHaeEansr
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on the ice. The single calves remai
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A 0EAUFaAT SEA BCHJKCH 9 A CHaPE BA
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BCmrcCHSEA CHOPEBnsw 0 NORTON 0Am E
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.. A BEWORT SEA B WKCH SEA CH)PEBAS
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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-- Alr Gun Array + Vlbrosels -* Ice
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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