Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation A major species of concern for the spring - summer condition in the Shumagin area is the fin whale. Since no hearing sensitivity data are available for this species, an assumption was made that the fin whale hearing characteristic is similar to that of the gray whale. It'is probable that their low frequency sensitivity is better that that of the gray whale since their vocalization range extends to below 20 Hz. With this information, a hearing sensitivity curve for this species was estimated by modifying the previously developed gray whale curve as shown in Appendix D. This permitted an SER analysis with results as shown in Table 5.10B and illustrated in Fig. 5.6A. The estimated SER ratings are somewhat higher than those obtained for the gray whale in the North Aleutian Basin. This is a result of the extended low frequency hearing range which was assumed to be appropriate for the fin whale. The highest SER rating is obtained for the seismic array with the large tanker somewhat lower. Though the SNC rating for the tanker is considerably higher than that of the seismic array, the dominant output of the tanker is at very low frequencies, estimated to be below the most sensitive region of the whalesf hearing curve. While gray whales are present in this area during migration periods, no specific SER analysis was done since the values would be only slightly lower that those obtained for fin whales. Other important species found in this region during the spring - summer season are humpback whales, killer whales, and Steller sea lions. The SER results for humpback whales are expected to be similar to those for fin whales so a specifc analysis was not made for this'species. The SER ratings for killer whales and Steller sea lions show that killer whales have the higher potential response with SER ratings larger than those of the fin whale for outdrive sources. The ratings for the Steller sea lion are medium to low for all the sources considered. The period for neutral gradient conditions in the Shumagin area would extend from late fall through winter and into early spring since no ice forms in this region. The SNC analysis for this period used the same sources as shown in Table 5.10A with the numbers adjusted for TL changes and a somewhat reduced vessel traffic during the winter period. The results of the SNC analyis shown in Table 5.11A are similar to those obtained for the spring - summer season with the large tanker being the dominant source and the hypothetical seismic array and ferry/cargo vessels secondary sources. The principal species of concern in this area during the winter season include fur seals, Dallls porpoise, and Steller sea lion. No hearing sensitivity data are available for Dallls porpoise so data from the harbor porpoise were assumed to be similar. The results of the analysis, shown in Table 5.11B and Fig. 5.6B, suggest that the probability of acoustic interaction may be high for the fur seal and Dallfs porpoise with the large tanker having the highest SER values. The Steller sea lion SER ratings are also relatively high for the tanker. For the other sources, the seismic array - fur seal encounter also has a relatively high SER value, but this encounter may not occur very often in survey operations.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation TABLE 5.1 1A STAWOAROIZEO WISE cOYTR18UTIOII MOOEL, Shmagin Plming Area, Neutral Gradient Condi tim Ref. areas used i n nodel (WZ): Total ovarall, 85800 ; Shiplw (s),l22OO ; Coastal (c), 8500 ; Airports (a), 9 Ref. Range, 300 r; Max. Effective Range; rhip, aircraft (h)- 23 ' 0.9 tc - astiwted) Ref. 300 r Ilov.Srce.Corr. Fluc. Equiv. Encntr. Exp. SNC Ratings Source (area) Typa Speed Oaitunt BY, nz Mas l/3 0ct.n~ 0.Bnd Mx 113 Area Travlime Corr. Level Prob. Nu. 0.Bnd Mx 1/3 (kts) fnin fwx Lsl,dB freq. Ls2.8 Lr1.8 Lr2.8 Cn.8 Tt/Tr Tf/lr Leq.8 Pe N SNC1,6 UlC2 Lrg.Tanker (s) nmng 16 2 4 205 2 203 157 155 -11 0.78 1 145 4.4E-03 1 121 119 l Ferry/Cargo(s) nmng 16 40 630 175 125 171 127 123 -11 0.78 1 115 4.M-03 2 94 90 e Tug/Barge (8) mvng 10 100 12300 171 630 162 123 114 -11 1 1 112 2.M-03 2 a9 80 e e Twin Outdrv.(c)novng 20 40 16000 167 500 156 119 100 -11 0.62 0.8 105 7.M-03 5 91 80 Orillship fixed 20 000 174 63 167 126 119 0 1 1 126 1.2~-05 1 TI m Dredge (M.) fixed 50 630 185 160 1 137 130 0 1 0.8 136 1.X-05 1 87 80 e e Sairic Array mmg 5 20 160 216 50 210 168 162 -11 1 0.005 134 2.E-04 1 97 91 ' (Mom) e l Ball 205 nelo w i n 80 50 500 114 63 107 104 97 -10 0.0061 1 72 3.1E-03 1 47 40 l l TABLE 5.1 18 STAUOARDIZEO EXPOWAE RATING WOEL, Shwin Pluming Area, Neutral Gradient Conditions Source lnforrtion fra WC Modal, Ref. Ranga - 300 n l - utirted vatu (r) - Shiplam area source (c) - coastal area source SOURCE Dainmt BY, Fa1 Feh Seiuic Array 20 160 Saiuic Array 20 160 Saiuic Array 20 160 Lrg.Tanker (I) 2 4 Lrg-lanker (s) 2 4 Lrg.lmker (r) 2 4 Ferry/Cergo 40 630 ferry/Cargo 40 630 FerrylCargo 40 630 Max 1/3 Oct rr,nz Lr2.8 50 162 50 162 50 162 2 155 2 155 2 155 125 123 125 123 123 123 YO. UlCl 18 e l 97 e 1 97 l 1 97 l 1 121 e 1 121 l 1 121 l 2 94 e 2 94 e 2 94 RECEIVER spaciu 0s N/WZ l Fur Seal 0.1 (0 e OaLlls Porp. 0.02 (2) l Ste1.Sea Lion 0.2 l Fur Saal 0.1 (1) l Dalllr Porp. 0.02 (2) e St.l.Sea Lion 0.2 e Fur Srl 0.1 (1) e OaLL1r Porp. 0.02 (2) l Ste1.Sr Lion 0.2 nearing EN, kHz knritivity Frl Frh Fr Sn.6 Sr,8 2 28 4 58 58 e e e e l 3 8 0 1 5 4a 46 e e e l l 0.7 M 15 80 80 SER, 8 Ref. Area e l 180 120 e e 173 1% e l 161 154 l e 1% 184 l l 206 la9 e l 174 167 e l 1% 146 e l 169 152 e 138 131 Notr (1): nearing characteristic for harbor porpoise usad for Dall's porpoise. (2): Herring characteristic for Crlifornir ru lion used for Steller sea lion.
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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Tec
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H BOWERS BAW I ALEUTIAN ARC 3 STGEC
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A BEAUFORT SEA B U WCH SEA CHOPEaAS
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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A BEAUFCRT SEA B CHW(CH SEA CHOPEBA
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A BEAUFCRT SEA BWKQIYA DrnTONBAsw E
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A BEAUFORT SEA BCHlKCHSEA CHaeEansr
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on the ice. The single calves remai
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A 0EAUFaAT SEA BCHJKCH 9 A CHaPE BA
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BCmrcCHSEA CHOPEBnsw 0 NORTON 0Am E
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.. A BEWORT SEA B WKCH SEA CH)PEBAS
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Table 2.8. Characteristics of Under
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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-- Alr Gun Array + Vlbrosels -* Ice
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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~ -- -- FIG. 3.1 7 REPRESENTATIVE R
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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Report No. 6945 FIG. C. 1 A BBN Sys
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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