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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and ~echnolo~ies Corporation Edds, P.L. 1982. Vocalizations of the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus, in the St. Lawrence River. J. Mammal. 63:345-347. Embleton, T.W.F. 1982. Sound propagation outdoors - improved prediction schemes for the 80ts, Noise Contr. Eng. 18:30-39. Ertec Western Inc. 1983. Seafloor geological hazards on the Northern Aleutian Shelf. In: Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Final Reports of the Principal Investigators, 52, Dec. 1986, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, OCS Study MMS 86-01 14. Evans, W.E. 1973. Echolocation by marine delphinids and one species of freshwater dolphin. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54:191-199. Fay, F.H. 1974. The role of ice in the ecology of marine mammals of the Bering Sea. p. 383-399 In: D.W. Hood and E.J. Kelley (eds.), Oceanography of the Bering Sea with emphasis on renewable resources. Occas. Publ. 2, Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK. 627 p. Fay, F.H. 1978. Belukha wha1e:p. 132-137 In: D. Haley (ed.), Marine mammals of eastern North Pacific and Arctic waters. Pacific Search Press, Seattle, WA. Fay, F . H . 198 1 . Walrus Odobenus rosmarus . p . 1-23 In : S . H . Ridgway and R . J . Harrison (eds.), Handbook of Marine Mammals, Vol. 1: The walrus, sea lions, fur seals and sea otter. Academic Press, London. 235 p. Fay, F.H. 1982. Ecology and biology of the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. N. Am. Fauna No. 74. 279 p. Fay, F.H., B.P. Kelly, P.H. Gehnrich, J.L. Sease and A.A. Hoover. 1986. Modern populations, migrations, demography, trophics, and historical status of the Pacific walrus. NOAA Outer Cont. Shelf Envir. Assess. Prog., Final Rep. Prin. Invest. 37:231-376. NTIS ~B87- 107546. Fidell, S., K.S. Pearsons, M. Grignetti and D.M. Green. 1970. The noisiness of impulsive sounds. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 48:1304-1310. Finley, K.J., C.R. Greene and R.A. Davis. 1983. A study of ambient-noise, ship noise, and the reactions of narwhals and belugas to the MV ~rctic. breaking ice in Admiralty Inl,et, N.W.T. 1982. In: Envir. Stud. 37, Canada Dept Indian Affairs and Northern Devel., Ottawa, Ont. (Publ. 1986). Finley, K.J., G.W. Miller, R.A. Davis and C.R. Greene. 1984. Responses of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and belugas (Delphinapterus leucas) to to ice-breaking ships in Lancaster Sound - 1983. In: Envir. Stud. 37, Canada Dept. Indian Affairs and Northern Devel., Ottawa, Ont. (Publ. 1986). Fish, J.F. and C.W. Turl. 1976. Acoustic source levels of four species of small whales. NUC TP 547. Naval Undersea Center, San ~iego, CA. 14 p.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Fish, J.F. and J.S. Vania. 1971. Killer whale, Orcinus orca, sounds repel white whales, Delphinapterus leucas. Fishery Bull. 69:531-535. Fish, J.F., J.L. Sumich and G.L. Lingle. 1974. Sounds produced by the gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus. Mar. Fish. Rev. 36 :38-45. Fleischer, G. 1976. Hearing in extinct cetaceans as determined by cochlear structure. J. Paleontol. 50:133-152. Fleischer , ,G. 1978. Evolutionary principles of the mammalian middle ear. Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology 55(5):1-70. Springer, Berlin. Fletcher, H. 1940. Auditory patterns. Rev. Mod. Phys. 12:47-65. Ford, J. 1977. White whale, - offshore exploration acoustic study. Rep. by F.F. Slaney & Co. Ltd., Vancouver, for Imperial Oil Ltd., Calgary. 21 p. + Figures and Tables. Ford, J.K.B. and H.D. Fisher. 1983. Group specific dialects of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in British Columbia. p. 129-161 In: R. Payne (ed.), Communication and behavior of whales. AAAS Selected Symp. 76, Westview Press, Boulder, CO. 643 p. Fraker, M.A. 1977a. The 1976 white whale monitoring program, Mackenzie Estuary, N.W.T. Rep. by F.F. Slaney & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, for Imperial Oil Ltd., Calgary. 76 p. plus maps, tables and appendices. Fraker, M.A. 1977b. The 1977 whale monitoring program Mackenzie estuary, N.W.T. Rep. by F.F. Slaney & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, for Imperial Oil Ltd., Calgary. 53 p. plus maps. Fraker, M.A. 1978. The 1978 whale monitoring program Mackenzie Estuary, N.W.T. Rep. by F.F. Slaney & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, for Esso Resources Canada Ltd., Calgary. 28 p. plus maps and photos. Fraker, M.A. and P.N. Fraker. 1979. The 1979 whale monitoring program Mackenzie Estuary. Rep. by LGL Ltd., Sidney, B.C., for Esso Resources Canada Ltd., Edmonton. 51 p. Franz, G.J. 1959, Splashes as Sources of Sound In Liquids, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31(8): 1080-1096. Frost, K.J. and L.F. Lowry. 1981a. Foods and trophic relationships of . cetaceans in the Bering Sea. p. 825-836 In: D.W. Hood and J.A. Calder (eds.),.The eastern Bering Sea shelf: oceanography and resources, Vol. 2. Office of Mar. Pollut. Assess., NOAA, BLM. Frost, K.J. and L.F. Lowry. 1981b. Ringed, Baikal and Caspian seals Phoca hispida, Phoca sibirica and Phoca caspica. p. 29-53 In: S.H. Ridgway and R.J. Harrison (eds.), Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol 2.: Seals. Academic Press, London. 359 p.
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BBN Svstems and Technologies Cor~or
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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Tec
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H BOWERS BAW I ALEUTIAN ARC 3 STGEC
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A BEAUFORT SEA B U WCH SEA CHOPEaAS
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Report No. 6945 L 1 A. Baird's Beak
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A BEAUFCRT SEA B CHW(CH SEA CHOPEBA
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on the ice. The single calves remai
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Table 2.8. Characteristics of Under
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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-- Alr Gun Array + Vlbrosels -* Ice
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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~ -- -- FIG. 3.1 7 REPRESENTATIVE R
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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FIG. 4.1 1 AIR TO SHALLOW WATER SOU
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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