Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No, 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Frost, K.J., L.F. Lowry and J.J. Burns. 1982. Distribution of marine mammals in the coastal zone of the Bering Sea during summer and autumn. U.S. Dept . Corn. , NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 20( 1983) :356-56 1 . NTIS PB85-201226. Frost, K. J., L.F. Lowry and J. J. Burns. 1983. Distribution of marine mammals in the coastal zone of the eastern Chukchi Sea during summer and autumn. U.S. Dept. Corn., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 37:471-525. NTIS PB87-107546. Frost, K.J., L.F. Lowry and R.R. Nelson. 1983. Investigations of Belukha whales in coastal waters of western and northern Alaska, 1982-1983: marking and tracking of whales in Bristol Bay. U.S., Dept. Corn., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 43( 1986) :46 1-585. NTIS PB87-192118. Gales, R.S. 1982. Effects of noise of offshore oil and gas operations on marine mammals -- an introductory assessment. NOSC TR844, 2 vol. Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, CA. 79 p. and 300 p. Gambell, R. 1968. Aerial observations of sperm whale behavior. Norsk Hvalfangst-tidende 57(6) : 126- 138. Gentry, R.L. 1981. Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus. p. 143-160 In: S.H. Ridgway and R.L. Harrison (eds.), Handbook of Marine Mammals. Vol. I: The walrus, sea lions, fur seals and sea otter. Academic Press, London. 235 P Gentry, R.L. and J.R. Holt. 1986. Attendance behavior of northern fur seals. p. 41-59 In: R.L. Gentry and G.L. Kooyman (eds.), Fur seals, maternal strategies on land and at sea. Princeton Univ. Press. Gill, R.E., Jr. and J.D. Hall. 1983. Use of nearshore and estuarine areas of the southeastern Bering Sea by gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Arctic 36:275-281. Gourevitch, G. 1980. Directional hearing in terrestrial mammals. p. 357-373 In: A.N. Popper and R.R. Fay (eds.), Comparative studies of hearing in . vertebrates. Springer-Verlag, New York. Greene, C.R. 1985. Characteristics of waterborne industrial noise, 1980-84. p.. 197-253 In: W.J. Richardson (ed.), Behavior, disturbance responses and distribution of bowhead whales Balaena mysticetus in the eastern Beauf~rt Sea, 1980-84. OCS Study MMS 85-0034. Rep. from LGL Ecol. Res. Assoc., Bryan, TX, for U .S. Minerals Manage. Serv. , Reston, VA. 306 p. NTIS PB87- 124376. Greene, C.R. 1987a. Acoustic studies of underwater noise and localization of . whale calls. Sect. 2 In: Responses of bowhead whales to an offshore drilling operation in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea, autumn 1986. Rep. from LGL Ltd., King City, Ont., and Greeneridge Sciences Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, for Shell Western E & P Inc., Anchorage, AK. 128 p. Greene, C.R., B.M. Buck. 1964, Arctic Ocean Ambient Noise, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36(6): 1218-1220.
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation Greene, C.R. 1981, Underwater acoustic transmission loss and ambient noise in arctic regions, p. 234-258. In: A Question of Sound from Icebreaker Operation: Proceedings of a Workshop 23 and 24 February 1981. Arctic Pilot Project, Petro-Canada, Calgary, Alberta, 350 p. Greene, C.R., Jr. 1987b. Characteristics of oil industry dredge and drilling sounds in the Beaufort Sea. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82(4):1315-1324. Haley, D. (ed.). 1978. Marine mammals of eastern North Pacific and Arctic waters. Pacific Search Press, Seattle, WA. ' Hall, J.D. and C.S. Johnson. 1972. Auditory thresholds of a killer whale Orcinus orca Linnaeus. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51:515-517. Hall, J.D. 1979. A survey of cetaceans of Prince William Sound and adjacent vicinity their numbers and seasonal movements. Research Unit 481. Envir. Assess. Alaskan Cont. Shelf, Final Rep. Princ. Invest. 6 :631-726. NTIS PB85-20 12 18. Hamson, R.M. 1985. The theoretical responses of vertical and horizontal line arrays to wind-induced noise in shallow water. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78(5):1702-1712. Harry, G.Y. and J.R. Hartley. 1981. Northern fur seals in the eastern Bering Sea. p. 847-867 In : D. W. Hood and J. A. Calder (eds.) , The eastern Bering Sea shelf: oceanography and resources, Vol. 2. Office of Mar. Pollut. Assess., NOAA, BLM. Hawkins, J.E., Jr. and S.S. Stevens. 1950.. The masking of pure tones and of speech by white noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 22:6-13. Heine, J.C. and L.M. Gray. 1977. Merchant ship radiated noise. BBN Report No. 3020(Rev. 1). Rep. from Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Cambridge, MA to Naval Oceans Systems Center, San Diego, CA. 48p. Herman, L.M. and W.N. Tavolga. 1980. The communication systems of cetaceans. p. 149-209 In: L.M. Herman (ed.), Cetacean behavior: mechanisms and functions. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 463 p. Hewitt, R.P. 1985. Reactions of dolphins to a survey vessel: effects on census data. Fish. Bull. U.S. 83(2):187-194. Hoelzel A.R. and R.W. Osborne. 1986. Killer whale call characteristics: Implications for cooperative foraging strategies. p. 373-403 In: B.C. Kirkevold and J.S. Lockard (eds.), Behavioral biology of killer whales. Allan R. Liss, New York. Holliday, D.V., W.C. Cummings, Jr., and B.J. Lee. 1984. Acoustic and vibration measurements related to possible disturbance of ringed seals, Phoca hispida. Tracor Doc. T-t14-06-001-U. 148 p.
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BBN Svstems and Technologies Cor~or
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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Tec
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Table 2.8. Characteristics of Under
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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Adapted From K.H. Jacob (1986) Cali
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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FIG- 3.1 1 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF
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FIG- 3-12 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF C
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FIG. 3.14 REPRESENTATIVE SHIPS AND
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FIG. 3-18 REPRESENTATIVE CULTURAL S
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FIG. 4.1 CORRECTION TO 300 M REFERE
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FIG. 4.1 1 AIR TO SHALLOW WATER SOU
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FIG. D. 1 HUMAN VOCALIZATION AND AU
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FIG. D. 3 ESTIMATED HEARING CHARACT
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