Analysis and Ranking of the Acoustic Disturbance Potential of ...

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Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation often passing through within an hour. This results in addition of noise contributions from several large sources and a resulting increase in the ensonified area beyond that normally expected for a single source. Zone of influence estimates which have been made for the North Aleutian Planning area in Section 5.3 would also generally apply in the St. George Basin area north and nest of Unimak Pass since the ship traffic density and TL characteristics are expected to be comparable. Observations for specific locations in this area are given in the following discussion. 1) Akutan Harbor, Akutan Island: A large fish processor has been operating in this harbor. Numerous diesel and gasoline-powered fishing vessels deliver catches to the processor, and also seek shelter and drop anchor in the harbor. Noises from various engines, compressors and other activities also emanate from the fish processor. Many small outboard-powered boats from the village also regularly operate in the harbor. The village is served by one amphibious twin-engine Gruman Goose landing and taking off from the water near the village almost every day (i.e., every day that weather permits). Also, other single-engine floatplanes frequently visit and use the harbor. 2) Lost Haibor, Akun Island: A situation very similar to that described for Akutan Harbor also exists at Lost Harbor on Akun Island in the eastern Aleutian Islands (D. Herter, pers. comm.). A major difference between the two harbors is the lack of a village in Lost Harbor. There is considerable local small boat and fishing vessel traffic and some floatplane traffic operating in the vicinity of a fish processor. 3) Unimak Pass: Unimak Pass in the eastern Aleutian Islands which is about 19 km (12 mi) wide, accommodates high volumes of international shipping traffic. This can include several large ocean-going vessels, including car and log-carriers, container ships and freighters, per day). Also, large numbers of foreign and domestic fishing vessels use the pass year-around. Shipping traffic is heavy, often including several vessels per hour, and generally spreads over a several mile-wide corridor when several vessels sail through the pass simultaneously. On one typical day in August 1982, ship traffic through Unimak Pass included four large commercial ships (one westbound car-carrier, one west-bound log-carrier, one west-bound freighter and one east-bound freighter, all in excess of 500 ft long), one U.S. Coast Guard Cutter (west-bound and about 300 ft long), and two smaller fishing vessels (both west-bound and about 100 ft long). These vessels were seen passing within about four miles of a 200 ft long NOAA ship sailing through the pass during a two hour interval (D.G. Roseneau, pers. obs.). On occasion, major elements of large fishing fleets containing dozens of vessels may sail through the pass one after another in only a few hours or days time. 5.1.8 Shumagin The north end of the Shumagin Planning Area is traversed by the ship and barge traffic using Unimak Pass. As a result the combined noise output from this traffic becomes the major noise contributor in this region. Small boat and aircraft traffic near shore are secondary noise sources. Oil exploration
Report No. 6945 BBN Systems and Technologies Corporation and drilling operations will become major sources when these activities increase. Natural seismic noise is also present in the northern end of this region which overlies the Aleutian subduction zone. The underwater sound .-' levels produced by earthquake events are expected to be higher in this area than in any other Alaskan OCS planning area. Zone of influence estimates have been made for this area in Section 5.3. Information on the major sources is included in Table 5.1. 5.1.9 Cook Inlet The major noise sources for this area are the ship traffic and aircraft operations near Anchorage and the fishing vessel and small craft operations in the Kenai and Kachemak Bay regions. Secondary sources are drilling and . production platforms located primarily on the western side of the inlet. Volcanic and seismic activity on Augustine Island may be a significant sporadic source of noise. Observations for specific areas are presented in the following discussion. 1) Upper Cook Inlet: Many oil platforms (primarily producing platforms, but also some drilling platforms from time-to-time) are scattered offshore along the west side of Cook Inlet throughout the Beluga River - Trading Bay - Redoubt Bay areas. Also, several hundred diesel-powered commercial fishing vessels and outboard-powered skiffs operate in the inlet annually during summer fishing seasons (primarily in waters south of Turnagain Arm). Many larger vessels (e.g., large oil tankers, barges, container ships, freighters, and more recently, U.S. Navy warships) visit the Port of Anchorage and Kenai year-around. Additionally, considerable air traffic occurs at relatively low-levels over the inlet every day [i.e., frequently below 1,000 m (3,300 ft) and often within only a few hundred meters of the surface]. Aircraft include dozens of single and twin-engine private and commercial fixed-wing airplanes and helicopters flying to and from small communities and oil rigs around the inlet, and dozens of twin and multi-engine military and commercial jet, turbine and piston-powered aircraft operating out of Elmendorf Air Force Base, Fort Richardson and Anchorage International Airport. Heavy air traffic occurs regularly between Anchorage International Airport and the Kenai Peninsula over the entrance to Turnagain Arm. Also, considerable military and commercial jet traffic passes over the Susitna River estuary during approaches to and departures from Elmendorf Air Force Base and Anchorage International Airport. Many smaller private and commercial aircraft also fly across the inlet near the Susitna River delta, and shipping to and from the Port of Anchorage also passes the Susitna River estuary. 2) Kenai: Boats operating in this area often include several hundred diesel and gas-powered commercial fishing vessels and outboard-powered skiffs and small riverboats. Daily air traffic includes numerous small single-engine floatplanes landing and taking off on the river, and larger twin and multiengine turbine and piston-powered aircraft and occasional corporate jets (e.g., DeHavilland Canada Twin Otters, Piper Navahos, Cessna 402's, Beechcraft t8's, twin-engine convairs, Lear Jets) arriving at and departing from the
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FIG. 3.2 NOISE SPECTRA IN SHALLOW W
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FIG. 3.8 ESTIMATED OVERALL SOUND LE
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FIG. 3. Q UNDERWATER NOISE SPECTRA
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