Linkage Kit Manual V6-00 - Fujitsu

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CHAPTER 8 LINKER RESTRICTIONS AND Q&A ● Handling variables with initial values Q. When developing embedded programs using C/C++ compilers, variables with initial values are created. Since these variables are rewritten during execution of programs, they must be on RAM during execution. Tell us the procedure for creating programs and precautions. A. In embedded programs, variables with initial values are on ROM first and they must be on RAM when they are referred. Therefore, programs become inoperable if the reference address in programs is not set to RAM and a mechanism to transfer initial value data from ROM to RAM before application execution is not implemented. This mechanism is implemented by using the ROM -> RAM transfer section function supported by the linker. Variables with initial values generated by the C/C++ compilers are gathered in the INIT section. There is no need of particular care when creating programs except the total number of bytes of the variables with initial values and RAM size. For the ROM > RAM transfer section function, see Section "5.9 Sections to be Transferred from ROM to RAM". The user must write a program to transfer initial value data using assembler languages. Example shows "Program example for transferring initial value data". Example [Program example for transferring initial value data :(data transfer in two bytes)] .import _ROM_INIT, _RAM_INIT ...... (1) .section INIT,data,align=4 ...... (2) .section start,code,align=2 LDI # (size of INIT + 1) & ~0x1, R13 CMP #0, R13 BEQ NOT_INIT LDI #_ROM_INIT,R2 LDI #_RAM_INIT,R3 LOOP: ADD #-2, R13 LDUH @ (R13, R2), R0 BGT:D LOOP STH R0, @ (R13, R3) NOT INIT: (1) ROM_INIT is a symbol to indicate the start address of the INIT section (transfer source) on ROM. _RAM_INIT is a symbol to indicate the start address of the INIT section (transfer destination) on RAM. These symbols are generated automatically by the sections to be transferred from ROM to RAM. Declare them using the .import instruction. (2) Define an INIT section to extract the section size (transfer size). 202 PART II LINKER
PART III LIBRARIAN Part III describes the specifications, options, and output lists of a librarian. CHAPTER 9 SPECIFICATIONS OF A LIBRARIAN CHAPTER 10 OPTIONS OF A LIBRARIAN CHAPTER 11 LIST FORMATS OF A LIBRARIAN CHAPTER 12 RESTRICTIONS AND QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON A LIBRARIAN PART III LIBRARIAN 203
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FUJITSU MICROELECTRONICS CONTROLLER
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PREFACE ■ Objectives and Intended
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CONTENTS PART I LINKAGE KIT .......
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6.2.7 Specification to fill ROM are
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CHAPTER 10 OPTIONS OF A LIBRARIAN .
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APPENDIX ..........................
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2 PART I LINKAGE KIT
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CHAPTER 1 SPECIFICATIONS OF LINKAGE
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CHAPTER 2 OPTIONS 2.1 Option An opt
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CHAPTER 2 OPTIONS 2.3 Notes and Eva
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CHAPTER 2 OPTIONS 2.5 Example of Sp
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CHAPTER 3 COMMON OPTIONS 3.1 List o
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CHAPTER 3 COMMON OPTIONS 3.2.1 Spec
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CHAPTER 3 COMMON OPTIONS For exampl
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CHAPTER 3 COMMON OPTIONS 40 PART I
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CHAPTER 4 OPTION FILES 4.1 Outline
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CHAPTER 4 OPTION FILES 4.3 Specifyi
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CHAPTER 4 OPTION FILES 4.5 Default
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CHAPTER 4 OPTION FILES 48 PART I LI
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50 PART II LINKER
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CHAPTER 5 SPECIFICATIONS OF A LINKE
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.1 List o
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS Table 6.1-
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.1 Outp
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.3 Debu
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.5 Spec
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.10 Map
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.12 Can
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.14 Dis
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.16 Spe
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.18 Che
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS [Example 2
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS [Example 5
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.20 ROM
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.22 Sec
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.25 Aut
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.26 Ret
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.28 Lib
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.32 Dum
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS • When -
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.37 Fun
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.39 Use
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.40 Use
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS Section ty
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CHAPTER 6 LINKER OPTIONS 6.2.44 Sup
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252 PART IV OBJECT FORMAT CONVERTER
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CHAPTER 13 SPECIFICATIONS OF AN OBJ
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CHAPTER 14 COMMON OPTIONS OF AN OBJ
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CHAPTER 15 LOAD MODULE CONVERTER (f
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CHAPTER 16 FORMAT ADJUSTER (m2ms, h
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CHAPTER 17 BINARY CONVERTER (m2bs,
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CHAPTER 18 OTHER CONVERTERS 18.1 m2
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CHAPTER 18 OTHER CONVERTERS 18.3 i2
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CHAPTER 18 OTHER CONVERTERS 306 PAR
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CHAPTER 19 RESTRICTIONS AND QUESTIO
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CHAPTER 19 RESTRICTIONS AND QUESTIO
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APPENDIX APPENDIX A ERROR MESSAGES
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APPENDIX ■ Error Messages of the
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APPENDIX W1303L Section with initia
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APPENDIX W1325L Entry point already
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APPENDIX W1372L The section is plac
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APPENDIX E4329L Value out of range
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APPENDIX E4362L DUMMY section speci
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APPENDIX F9001L Insufficient memory
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APPENDIX F9026L Specified value out
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APPENDIX F9053L Missing '-ro’ or
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APPENDIX I0401U Reference to undefi
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APPENDIX W1406U Module not exists t
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APPENDIX E4470U CPU information fil
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APPENDIX F9033U Illegal file format
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APPENDIX ■ Error Messages of the
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APPENDIX F9023U Illegal option para
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APPENDIX F9049U Output range exceed
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APPENDIX B.1 Common Format The HEX
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APPENDIX B.2 Data Record (HEX8/HEX1
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APPENDIX B.4 Extended Segment Addre
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APPENDIX B.6 Extended Linear Addres
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APPENDIX APPENDIX C S RECORD FORMAT
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APPENDIX C.2 S1 Type (Data Record:
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APPENDIX C.4 S3 Type (Data Record:
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APPENDIX C.6 S7 Type (Terminator Re
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APPENDIX C.8 S9 Type (Terminator Re
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APPENDIX Table D-1 List of Linker O
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APPENDIX APPENDIX E LIST OF LIBRARI
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APPENDIX ■ List of options of the
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APPENDIX 370
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Index Checking Checking the Content
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Index f2hs f2hs (Converting an Abso
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Index Example of a Search when ther
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Index -mlf Specification for Sectio
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Index Specifies to Prevent the Inte
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Index Entry Address Specification (
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Index Types of Section Contents....
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Index 386
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