ASEAN: Regional Trends in Economic Integration, Export ... - USITC

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Tachibana, Satoshi. “Forest-Related Industries and Timber Exports of Malaysia: Policy and Structure.” Research Paper, University of Tokyo, c1999. http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/modules/envirolib/upload/1503/attach/3ws-12-tachibana.pdf. ———. “Impacts of Log Export Restrictions in Southeast Asia on the Japanese Plywood Market: An Econometric Analysis.” Journal of Forestry Research 5, no. 2 (2000), 51–57. U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS). Burma: Solid Wood Products; Annual Report, 2005. GAIN Report no. BM5005, March 4, 2005. ———. Malaysia: Solid Wood Products; Annual Report, 2006. GAIN Report no. MY6022, September 13, 2006. ———. Thailand: Solid Wood Products; Annual Report, 2006. GAIN Report no. MY6022, July 13, 2006. ———. Vietnam: Solid Wood Products; Annual Report, 2006. GAIN Report no. VM6075, December 8, 2006. U.S. Department of State. “2010 Investment Climate Statements.” March 2010. http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/rls/othr/ics/2010/index.htm (accessed April 15, 2010, by country). U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). Wood Flooring and Hardwood Plywood: Competitive Conditions Affecting the U.S. Industries. USITC Publication 4032. Washington, DC: USITC, 2008. U.S. Trade Representative (USTR). Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the United States of America and the Republic of Indonesia on Combating Illegal Logging and Associated Trade, November 2006. http://www.ustr.gov/sites/default/files/US%20Indonesia%20MOU%20to%20Combat%20Illegal %20Logging%20Signed%20Text_0.pdf (accessed January 8, 2010). ———. “USTR Announces New Asia-Pacific Initiative on Illegal Logging and Trade.” Press release, September 2, 2009. http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/pressreleases/2009/september/ustr-announces-new-asia-pacific-initiative-illeg. Wibowo, Prabianto. “ASEAN Roadmap for Integration of Wood-Based Products: Does It Provide a Suitable Framework to Guide the Development of Sustainable and Competitive Timber Trade?” Paper presented at EU-ASEAN Workshop on Trade in Wood Products in South East Asia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 24–25, 2006. http://www.delmys.ec.europa.eu/en/special_features/Prabianto.pdf. World Bank. Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG)—East Asia & Pacific. http://go.worldbank.org/Q3SXQDTSC0 (accessed January 8, 2010). ———. Indonesia Economic Quarterly: Building Momentum, March 2010. World Trade Organization (WTO). Tariff Analysis Online. http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tariffs_e/tao_help_e.htm (accessed April 2010). 5-24
CHAPTER 6 Healthcare: Healthcare Services Healthcare Overview 1 The ASEAN Roadmap for Integration of the Healthcare Sector (Roadmap) covers five industries, four of which involve healthcare products. However, increased trade and industry development are making healthcare services an increasingly important sector of the ASEAN healthcare sector. For this reason, this chapter begins with a brief survey of the healthcare products covered by the Roadmap, but focuses primarily on healthcare services. Comparable data on trade and investment in healthcare services do not exist in the same way as for healthcare goods; hence, the trade and other data presented in this overview pertain only to healthcare goods, unless otherwise noted. The discussion of trade in healthcare services has been approached using the number of foreign patients that have received treatment as a proxy for cross-border trade, and data on individual investment deals have been used in the absence of aggregate investment statistics. The healthcare priority sector, 2 as defined by the Roadmap, has grown in the past five years due to growing demand for healthcare goods and services, both inside and outside the ASEAN region. In 2008, trade within ASEAN of healthcare goods covered by the Roadmap 3 reached an estimated $2 billion (table 2.4). 4 In that same year, the world exported $9.3 billion of such goods to ASEAN and imported $10.2 billion of healthcare goods from ASEAN countries. Intra-ASEAN exports of these goods increased at an average annual rate of approximately 23 percent per year, compared to 30 percent annual growth in world imports of such goods from ASEAN. ASEAN members have made limited progress towards regional integration of the healthcare goods sectors, as measured against the Roadmap. Measures set forth in the Roadmap that have thus far been achieved through the integration effort, which is led by Singapore, include progress in developing regional regulatory standards for healthcare goods (a primary focus of the Roadmap) and lowering barriers to trade. 5 When fully integrated, the region will have common standards for each of the four healthcare goods subsectors; presently, development of ASEAN-wide standards and regulatory harmonization is limited to the cosmetics industry. 6 However, members have reiterated 1 See app. F for a list of the Harmonized System numbers covered under this priority sector. Healthcare services do not have Harmonized System numbers, and thus are not included in this list. 2 The healthcare priority sector, as designated by the ASEAN Secretariat, is categorized into five subsectors: healthcare services; cosmetics; medical devices and equipment; pharmaceuticals; and traditional medicines and health supplements. The priority sector product basket (excluding healthcare services) comprises 245 goods, almost half of which are pharmaceutical products. 3 The use of the term “healthcare goods” is understood to refer only to those healthcare goods covered by the Roadmap, which are only a portion of all healthcare goods traded. 4 Intra-ASEAN trade volumes are estimates based on available import trade data and may be undervalued. Brunei, Burma, Indonesia, and Laos do not report trade data. Cambodia did not report trade data for 2005–08, and the Philippines did not report trade data for 2004–06. 5 ASEAN Secretariat, “Appendix 1,” n.d.; Gross and Minot, “ASEAN Medical Device Regulatory Integration,” January 1, 2009. 6 The Agreement on the Harmonized Cosmetic Regulatory Scheme was signed in 2005 and is in varying stages of implementation among member countries. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, “Indonesia Will Soon Ratify ASEAN Cosmetic Directive,” September 9, 2009. 6-1
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United States International Trade C
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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Abstract This report describes tren
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CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 5 Wood
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CONTENTS―Continued Tables—Conti
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Acronyms 3PL ACCSQ ACDD ACE ACIA AD
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LPI MDF MFN MOU MRA MTCC NAFTA NAP
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Executive Summary The Association o
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Infrastructure and the legal framew
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Despite tariff reductions, the regi
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose, Sco
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Participating countries also gain a
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TABLE 1.2 Export Competitiveness Fa
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transactions, reinvested earnings,
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Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
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CHAPTER 2 ASEAN and Selected Region
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BOX 2.1 Timeline of important miles
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BOX 2.2 AEC Blueprint: Goals and me
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BOX 2.3 ASEAN-wide free trade agree
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progress has been only achieved in
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BOX 2.4 What is ATIGA? ATIGA builds
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TABLE 2.2 Intra-ASEAN imports and e
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TABLE 2.4 Total imports, exports, a
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China is often viewed as a major co
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cases of dispute, but does not prov
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TABLE 2.6 Minimum permitted equity
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TABLE 2.8 Ease of trading across bo
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it maximally useful, such as the ab
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TABLE 2.9 ASEAN in the World Bank
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foreign ownership of express delive
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population that regularly uses the
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Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
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ASEAN Economic Ministers. “Joint
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Malaysian Institute of Economic Res
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CHAPTER 3 Electronics: Computer Com
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competition between ASEAN countries
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Regional Integration, Export Compet
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Supporting industries Another impor
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The AEF is unique within the region
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TABLE 3.3 Computer components: ASEA
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joint R&D. 71 These advantages of l
Page 85 and 86: order to compete for investment (bo
Page 87 and 88: efficient service to tenants. Despi
Page 89 and 90: Bibliography Asian Productivity Org
Page 91: World Trade Organization (WTO). Inf
Page 94 and 95: Project to stimulate intra-ASEAN pr
Page 96 and 97: TABLE 4.2 Certain cotton woven fabr
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Page 100 and 101: BOX 4.1 Cotton woven apparel: Profi
Page 102 and 103: national government source stated t
Page 104 and 105: strengthen supplier relationships.
Page 106 and 107: Indonesia has limited potential as
Page 108 and 109: investment, 67 with much of the inv
Page 110 and 111: Bibliography Association of Southea
Page 113 and 114: CHAPTER 5 Wood-based Products: Hard
Page 115 and 116: some cases, on the export of sawnwo
Page 117 and 118: TABLE 5.1 Hardwood plywood and floo
Page 119 and 120: industry are limited, particularly
Page 121 and 122: important factors continue to hampe
Page 123 and 124: TABLE 5.3 Major intergovernmental p
Page 125 and 126: Export Competitiveness In 2008, ASE
Page 127 and 128: TABLE 5.6 Hardwood plywood and floo
Page 129 and 130: FDI in hardwood plywood and floorin
Page 131 and 132: Trade across land routes has been a
Page 133 and 134: Azarcon, Chulia J. “Comparative T
Page 135: Malaysia Timber Industry Board (MTI
Page 139 and 140: In recent years, the traditional in
Page 141 and 142: services industry by developing the
Page 143 and 144: Only a few countries export large v
Page 145 and 146: growing populations, and increasing
Page 147 and 148: has a healthcare MOU with Cambodia.
Page 149 and 150: BOX 6.1 Healthcare services: Profil
Page 151 and 152: competition for foreign patients in
Page 153 and 154: Singaporean provider provides train
Page 155 and 156: Giusti, Daniele, Bart Criel, and Xa
Page 157: Socio-economic and Environmental Re
Page 160 and 161: Within the broad priority sector, t
Page 162 and 163: Japanese automakers. Their supplier
Page 164 and 165: suppliers must be able to meet QCD
Page 166 and 167: BOX 7.2 Automotive: Profile of ASEA
Page 168 and 169: Thailand is considered to be the mo
Page 170 and 171: Despite the continued implementatio
Page 172 and 173: TABLE 7.2 Certain motor vehicle par
Page 174 and 175: Inbound Investment The investment e
Page 176 and 177: Trade Facilitation The timely movem
Page 178 and 179: Bibliography Aldaba, Rafaelita M.
Page 180 and 181: Thailand in the 2000’s. “Indust
Page 182 and 183: (2) the development of ASEAN cooper
Page 184 and 185: productive in climates further from
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ASEAN members Thailand and the Phil
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Tariff, import tariffs on palm oil
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BOX 8.1 Palm oil: Profile of ASEAN
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chain, from plantations to retailer
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TABLE 8.6 Palm oil: Intra-ASEAN inv
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Brunei Burma Cambodia Indonesia Lao
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Hickman, Martin. “Online Protest
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APPENDIX A USTR Request Letter
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A-4
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E Federal Register /Vol. 74, No. 23
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APPENDIX C Calendar of Hearing Part
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APPENDIX D Positions of Interested
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Mr. Aquino noted that the Philippin
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FTA (AANZFTA), Australian and New Z
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cumbersome rules of origin, customs
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APPENDIX E Country Profiles
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BURMA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic Ind
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INDONESIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
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MALAYSIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
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SINGAPORE ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
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VIETNAM ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic I
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TABLE F.1 Agro-based products: Prio
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TABLE F.3 Electronics: Priority sec
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TABLE F.4 Healthcare: Priority sect
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TABLE F.5 Textiles and apparel: Pri
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