ASEAN: Regional Trends in Economic Integration, Export ... - USITC

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Mr. Aquino noted that the Philippines government has cooperated in various regional integration efforts for other economic sectors, including wood-based products, healthcare, and automotives. Finally, he stated that the semiconductor and electronics industries in the Philippines has expressed an interest in hosting a meeting of chief executives of five leading U.S. electronics firms and five leading ASEAN electronics firms to identify issues and initiatives that could lead to increased regional integration of the ASEAN electronics sector. Regular follow-up meetings of these chief executives could ensure a continuing strategic partnership of U.S. and ASEAN electronics firms. American Palm Oil Council 3 The American Palm Oil Council (APOC), a trade association funded by a portion of the assessments on Malaysian palm oil production, states that its mission is the promotion of palm oil in food and nonfood applications in the United States. In his hearing testimony, Mohd Salleh Kassim, APOC executive director, noted that palm oil contains no trans fats and that its use in U.S. processed food products as part of a vegetable oil blend has increased in recent years because of U.S. labeling and other requirements intended to diminish the presence of trans fats in the U.S. diet. He presented various exhibits showing the increase in U.S. palm oil imports and in palm oil’s share of global vegetable oils production and consumption markets. He listed palm oil importing and exporting countries and commented that the world could face a shortage in oils and fats. Mr. Kassim described the sustainability activities that the Malaysian palm oil industry has undertaken, including subscribing to the standards and certification system under the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), comprising eight principles, 39 criteria underlying the principles, and 120 auditable points. He noted that six Malaysian producers, as well as other ASEAN and non-ASEAN producers, have become RSPO certified, and provided estimates on the amount of palm oil expected to be RSPO certified in 2010. Mr. Kassim provided information about the comparatively high productivity of oil palm compared to other oilseed crops. He also recounted the growing interest in oil palm cultivation on the part of developing countries in the tropics, many of which have poverty alleviation and food security concerns, because of the oil palm’s long and productive lifespan, high oil yield, and cost-effectiveness. Malaysian Palm Oil Board 4 The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) is the primary government agency for the promotion and development of national policies and priorities for the Malaysian palm oil industry and is funded by assessments on Malaysian palm oil production. In her hearing testimony, Rosidah Radzian, the science attaché at the Embassy of Malaysia in Washington, DC, and MPOB regional manager for the Americas, stated that she would 3 USITC, hearing transcript, February 3, 2010, 13–20 (testimony of Mohd Salleh Kassim, APOC); APOC Web site, http://www.americanpalmoil.com/ (accessed March 29, 2010). 4 USITC, hearing transcript, February 3, 2010, 4–13 (testimony of Rosidah Radzian, MPOB); MPOB Web site, http://www.mpob.gov.my/html/about/pdf/cb_complete.pdf (accessed March 29, 2010). D-4
speak about the importance of the trade relationship between Malaysia and the United States in palm oil and highlighted the Malaysian government’s goal of raising the standard of living and upgrading the infrastructure in rural Malaysia through agricultural economic development. She noted that the Malaysian oil palm industry is one of the country’s biggest foreign export earners, contributing $18 billion in 2008, compared to $4.5 billion in 2000. She stated that four decades of research and development has given Malaysia a competitive advantage in the palm oil trade and made Malaysia the number one palm oil exporter in the world. Although acknowledging that the Malaysian government has played a key role in the palm oil industry, she credited agencies such as the MPOB, the Malaysian Palm Oil Council, the Malaysian Palm Oil Association, and other stakeholders with the success of palm oil in Malaysia. In explaining why Malaysia should be the primary U.S. trading partner for palm oil, Ms. Radzian noted, among other things, Malaysia’s emphasis on food quality and safety standards and on environmental considerations without any form of subsidy from the government. She also stressed Malaysia’s activities as chair of the Codex Alimentarius Commission’s Committee on Oil and Fats beginning in 2008 and as a member of the International Maritime Organization regarding international shipping of bottled liquids and commodities. Ms. Radzian explained that Malaysian palm oil farmers and their families are provided with free housing, medical care, and schooling, helping to reduce Malaysian poverty. She described the environmental efforts that the Malaysian palm oil industry has undertaken, including carbon footprint life cycle analysis and peatland management. She stated that oil palm farming in Malaysia represents about 67 percent of the agricultural area in Malaysia and that conservation and forest protection policies prevent additional farm land from being cultivated. She cited a genome project between the MPOB and a U.S. company to facilitate the production of palm oil varieties with a higher yield. National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) and U.S. Dairy Export Council (USDEC) 5 National Milk Producers Federation (NMPF) is the national farm commodity organization that represents U.S. dairy farmers and the dairy cooperative marketing organizations they own and operate throughout the United States. U.S. Dairy Export Council (USDEC) is a nonprofit, independent membership organization that represents the export interests of U.S. milk producers, dairy cooperatives, proprietary processors, and export traders. USDEC’s mission is to increase the volume and value of U.S. dairy exports. NMPF and USDEC stated in their joint submission that a bilateral free trade agreement between the United States and ASEAN would provide significant new export opportunities in important Asian markets. They noted that U.S. dairy industry is eager to increase sales in the region, particularly considering the fact that an FTA was concluded in 2008 between major dairy exporters Australia and New Zealand and ASEAN member countries. NMPF and USDEC explained that under the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand 5 NMPF and USDEC, written submission to the USITC, March 10, 2010. D-5
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United States International Trade C
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U.S. International Trade Commission
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Abstract This report describes tren
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CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 5 Wood
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CONTENTS―Continued Tables—Conti
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Acronyms 3PL ACCSQ ACDD ACE ACIA AD
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LPI MDF MFN MOU MRA MTCC NAFTA NAP
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Executive Summary The Association o
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Infrastructure and the legal framew
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Despite tariff reductions, the regi
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose, Sco
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Participating countries also gain a
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TABLE 1.2 Export Competitiveness Fa
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transactions, reinvested earnings,
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Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
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CHAPTER 2 ASEAN and Selected Region
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BOX 2.1 Timeline of important miles
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BOX 2.2 AEC Blueprint: Goals and me
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BOX 2.3 ASEAN-wide free trade agree
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progress has been only achieved in
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BOX 2.4 What is ATIGA? ATIGA builds
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TABLE 2.2 Intra-ASEAN imports and e
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TABLE 2.4 Total imports, exports, a
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China is often viewed as a major co
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cases of dispute, but does not prov
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TABLE 2.6 Minimum permitted equity
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TABLE 2.8 Ease of trading across bo
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it maximally useful, such as the ab
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TABLE 2.9 ASEAN in the World Bank
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foreign ownership of express delive
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population that regularly uses the
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Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
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ASEAN Economic Ministers. “Joint
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Malaysian Institute of Economic Res
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CHAPTER 3 Electronics: Computer Com
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competition between ASEAN countries
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Regional Integration, Export Compet
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Supporting industries Another impor
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The AEF is unique within the region
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TABLE 3.3 Computer components: ASEA
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joint R&D. 71 These advantages of l
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order to compete for investment (bo
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efficient service to tenants. Despi
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Bibliography Asian Productivity Org
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World Trade Organization (WTO). Inf
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Project to stimulate intra-ASEAN pr
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TABLE 4.2 Certain cotton woven fabr
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includes the production of cotton y
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BOX 4.1 Cotton woven apparel: Profi
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national government source stated t
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strengthen supplier relationships.
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Indonesia has limited potential as
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investment, 67 with much of the inv
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Bibliography Association of Southea
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CHAPTER 5 Wood-based Products: Hard
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some cases, on the export of sawnwo
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TABLE 5.1 Hardwood plywood and floo
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industry are limited, particularly
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important factors continue to hampe
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TABLE 5.3 Major intergovernmental p
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Export Competitiveness In 2008, ASE
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TABLE 5.6 Hardwood plywood and floo
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FDI in hardwood plywood and floorin
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Trade across land routes has been a
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Azarcon, Chulia J. “Comparative T
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Malaysia Timber Industry Board (MTI
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CHAPTER 6 Healthcare: Healthcare Se
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In recent years, the traditional in
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services industry by developing the
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Only a few countries export large v
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growing populations, and increasing
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has a healthcare MOU with Cambodia.
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BOX 6.1 Healthcare services: Profil
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competition for foreign patients in
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Singaporean provider provides train
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Giusti, Daniele, Bart Criel, and Xa
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Socio-economic and Environmental Re
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Within the broad priority sector, t
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Japanese automakers. Their supplier
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suppliers must be able to meet QCD
Page 166 and 167: BOX 7.2 Automotive: Profile of ASEA
Page 168 and 169: Thailand is considered to be the mo
Page 170 and 171: Despite the continued implementatio
Page 172 and 173: TABLE 7.2 Certain motor vehicle par
Page 174 and 175: Inbound Investment The investment e
Page 176 and 177: Trade Facilitation The timely movem
Page 178 and 179: Bibliography Aldaba, Rafaelita M.
Page 180 and 181: Thailand in the 2000’s. “Indust
Page 182 and 183: (2) the development of ASEAN cooper
Page 184 and 185: productive in climates further from
Page 186 and 187: ASEAN members Thailand and the Phil
Page 188 and 189: Tariff, import tariffs on palm oil
Page 190 and 191: BOX 8.1 Palm oil: Profile of ASEAN
Page 192 and 193: chain, from plantations to retailer
Page 194 and 195: TABLE 8.6 Palm oil: Intra-ASEAN inv
Page 196 and 197: Brunei Burma Cambodia Indonesia Lao
Page 198 and 199: Hickman, Martin. “Online Protest
Page 201: APPENDIX A USTR Request Letter
Page 204 and 205: A-4
Page 207 and 208: E Federal Register /Vol. 74, No. 23
Page 209: APPENDIX C Calendar of Hearing Part
Page 213: APPENDIX D Positions of Interested
Page 218 and 219: FTA (AANZFTA), Australian and New Z
Page 220 and 221: cumbersome rules of origin, customs
Page 223: APPENDIX E Country Profiles
Page 226 and 227: BURMA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic Ind
Page 228 and 229: INDONESIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 230 and 231: MALAYSIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 232 and 233: SINGAPORE ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 234 and 235: VIETNAM ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic I
Page 237 and 238: TABLE F.1 Agro-based products: Prio
Page 239 and 240: TABLE F.3 Electronics: Priority sec
Page 241 and 242: TABLE F.4 Healthcare: Priority sect
Page 243 and 244: TABLE F.5 Textiles and apparel: Pri
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