ASEAN: Regional Trends in Economic Integration, Export ... - USITC

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This report was prepared principally by the Office of Industries Project Leader John Fry john.fry@usitc.gov Deputy Project Leader Vincent Honnold vincent.honnold@usitc.gov Office of Industries Brian Allen, Renee Berry, Laura Bloodgood, Samantha Brady, John Fry, Alberto Goetzl, Vince Honnold, Cathy Jabara, Jackie Jones, Deb McNay, and Matthew Reisman Office of Economics Joanne Guth Primary Reviewers Kate Linton and Walker Pollard Administrative Support Monica Reed Under the direction of Michael Anderson, Chief Advanced Technology & Machinery Division
Abstract This report describes trends in regional integration, export competitiveness, and inbound investment for six industries within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): computer components, cotton woven apparel, hardwood plywood and flooring, healthcare services, motor vehicle parts, and palm oil. The six profiled industries are a subset of 12 priority sectors that ASEAN members identified in 2004 in order to promote regional integration. The members created a regional “Roadmap for Integration” (Roadmap) for each priority sector, and while these Roadmaps have promoted tariff reductions and streamlined certain administrative procedures, their success in promoting regional integration has been mixed. In general, economic factors and national government policies have had more influence than the Roadmaps over regional industrial structures. ASEAN members tend to view each other as competitors for inbound investment and jobs, and the members have no legally binding means to enforce compliance with the objectives of the Roadmaps. The ease of importing and exporting varies widely among ASEAN members. Procedures for trading are relatively easy to complete in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia, but very difficult in Laos and Cambodia. The ASEAN Single Window (ASW) is ASEAN’s most visible effort to facilitate trade among members. By enabling the rapid exchange of standardized data among members’ customs agencies, it has the potential to bolster trade and support the emergence of intraregional supply chains. However, development of the ASW has proceeded slowly. The quality of logistics services—such as customs brokerage, freight forwarding, and express delivery—also varies substantially from member to member. Logistics services are world-class in Singapore but poor in Laos, Cambodia, and Burma. In a number of ASEAN countries, restrictive regulations hamper the delivery of high-quality logistics services. While large gaps persist among ASEAN members in e-commerce proficiency, the last decade has seen improvements throughout the region. Vietnam, in particular, has made significant progress in both e-commerce infrastructure development and legal reform. The ASEAN Secretariat has expressed a strong commitment to supporting wider adoption of e-commerce in the region and helping members to adopt new e-commerce laws, but has contributed less significantly to e-commerce infrastructure development. i
Page 1 and 2: United States International Trade C
Page 3: U.S. International Trade Commission
Page 8 and 9: CONTENTS―Continued Chapter 5 Wood
Page 10 and 11: CONTENTS―Continued Tables—Conti
Page 13 and 14: Acronyms 3PL ACCSQ ACDD ACE ACIA AD
Page 15 and 16: LPI MDF MFN MOU MRA MTCC NAFTA NAP
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary The Association o
Page 19 and 20: Infrastructure and the legal framew
Page 21 and 22: Despite tariff reductions, the regi
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1 Introduction Purpose, Sco
Page 25 and 26: Participating countries also gain a
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 1.2 Export Competitiveness Fa
Page 29 and 30: transactions, reinvested earnings,
Page 31 and 32: Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 2 ASEAN and Selected Region
Page 35 and 36: BOX 2.1 Timeline of important miles
Page 37 and 38: BOX 2.2 AEC Blueprint: Goals and me
Page 39 and 40: BOX 2.3 ASEAN-wide free trade agree
Page 41 and 42: progress has been only achieved in
Page 43 and 44: BOX 2.4 What is ATIGA? ATIGA builds
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 2.2 Intra-ASEAN imports and e
Page 47 and 48: TABLE 2.4 Total imports, exports, a
Page 49 and 50: China is often viewed as a major co
Page 51 and 52: cases of dispute, but does not prov
Page 53 and 54: TABLE 2.6 Minimum permitted equity
Page 55 and 56:
TABLE 2.8 Ease of trading across bo
Page 57 and 58:
it maximally useful, such as the ab
Page 59 and 60:
TABLE 2.9 ASEAN in the World Bank
Page 61 and 62:
foreign ownership of express delive
Page 63 and 64:
population that regularly uses the
Page 65 and 66:
Bibliography Acoca, Brigitte. Empow
Page 67 and 68:
ASEAN Economic Ministers. “Joint
Page 69 and 70:
Malaysian Institute of Economic Res
Page 71 and 72:
CHAPTER 3 Electronics: Computer Com
Page 73 and 74:
competition between ASEAN countries
Page 75 and 76:
Regional Integration, Export Compet
Page 77 and 78:
Supporting industries Another impor
Page 79 and 80:
The AEF is unique within the region
Page 81 and 82:
TABLE 3.3 Computer components: ASEA
Page 83 and 84:
joint R&D. 71 These advantages of l
Page 85 and 86:
order to compete for investment (bo
Page 87 and 88:
efficient service to tenants. Despi
Page 89 and 90:
Bibliography Asian Productivity Org
Page 91:
World Trade Organization (WTO). Inf
Page 94 and 95:
Project to stimulate intra-ASEAN pr
Page 96 and 97:
TABLE 4.2 Certain cotton woven fabr
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includes the production of cotton y
Page 100 and 101:
BOX 4.1 Cotton woven apparel: Profi
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national government source stated t
Page 104 and 105:
strengthen supplier relationships.
Page 106 and 107:
Indonesia has limited potential as
Page 108 and 109:
investment, 67 with much of the inv
Page 110 and 111:
Bibliography Association of Southea
Page 113 and 114:
CHAPTER 5 Wood-based Products: Hard
Page 115 and 116:
some cases, on the export of sawnwo
Page 117 and 118:
TABLE 5.1 Hardwood plywood and floo
Page 119 and 120:
industry are limited, particularly
Page 121 and 122:
important factors continue to hampe
Page 123 and 124:
TABLE 5.3 Major intergovernmental p
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Export Competitiveness In 2008, ASE
Page 127 and 128:
TABLE 5.6 Hardwood plywood and floo
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FDI in hardwood plywood and floorin
Page 131 and 132:
Trade across land routes has been a
Page 133 and 134:
Azarcon, Chulia J. “Comparative T
Page 135 and 136:
Malaysia Timber Industry Board (MTI
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER 6 Healthcare: Healthcare Se
Page 139 and 140:
In recent years, the traditional in
Page 141 and 142:
services industry by developing the
Page 143 and 144:
Only a few countries export large v
Page 145 and 146:
growing populations, and increasing
Page 147 and 148:
has a healthcare MOU with Cambodia.
Page 149 and 150:
BOX 6.1 Healthcare services: Profil
Page 151 and 152:
competition for foreign patients in
Page 153 and 154:
Singaporean provider provides train
Page 155 and 156:
Giusti, Daniele, Bart Criel, and Xa
Page 157:
Socio-economic and Environmental Re
Page 160 and 161:
Within the broad priority sector, t
Page 162 and 163:
Japanese automakers. Their supplier
Page 164 and 165:
suppliers must be able to meet QCD
Page 166 and 167:
BOX 7.2 Automotive: Profile of ASEA
Page 168 and 169:
Thailand is considered to be the mo
Page 170 and 171:
Despite the continued implementatio
Page 172 and 173:
TABLE 7.2 Certain motor vehicle par
Page 174 and 175:
Inbound Investment The investment e
Page 176 and 177:
Trade Facilitation The timely movem
Page 178 and 179:
Bibliography Aldaba, Rafaelita M.
Page 180 and 181:
Thailand in the 2000’s. “Indust
Page 182 and 183:
(2) the development of ASEAN cooper
Page 184 and 185:
productive in climates further from
Page 186 and 187:
ASEAN members Thailand and the Phil
Page 188 and 189:
Tariff, import tariffs on palm oil
Page 190 and 191:
BOX 8.1 Palm oil: Profile of ASEAN
Page 192 and 193:
chain, from plantations to retailer
Page 194 and 195:
TABLE 8.6 Palm oil: Intra-ASEAN inv
Page 196 and 197:
Brunei Burma Cambodia Indonesia Lao
Page 198 and 199:
Hickman, Martin. “Online Protest
Page 201:
APPENDIX A USTR Request Letter
Page 204 and 205:
A-4
Page 207 and 208:
E Federal Register /Vol. 74, No. 23
Page 209:
APPENDIX C Calendar of Hearing Part
Page 213:
APPENDIX D Positions of Interested
Page 216 and 217:
Mr. Aquino noted that the Philippin
Page 218 and 219:
FTA (AANZFTA), Australian and New Z
Page 220 and 221:
cumbersome rules of origin, customs
Page 223:
APPENDIX E Country Profiles
Page 226 and 227:
BURMA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic Ind
Page 228 and 229:
INDONESIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 230 and 231:
MALAYSIA ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 232 and 233:
SINGAPORE ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic
Page 234 and 235:
VIETNAM ECONOMIC PROFILE Economic I
Page 237 and 238:
TABLE F.1 Agro-based products: Prio
Page 239 and 240:
TABLE F.3 Electronics: Priority sec
Page 241 and 242:
TABLE F.4 Healthcare: Priority sect
Page 243 and 244:
TABLE F.5 Textiles and apparel: Pri
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