BSEP116B Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea - Helcom

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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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Published by: Helsinki Commission K
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . .
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6.6 Hazardous substances . . . . .
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1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 An integrated
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Box 1.1. Biodiversity The term biod
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of saline water from the North Sea
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14 On a global scale, marine ecosys
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Box 1.2. Regime shifts in the Balti
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2 MARINE LANDSCAPES AND HABITATS 18
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From an ecological point of view, a
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Box 2.1.2. The Baltic marine landsc
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• A coherent data set on benthic
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Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Lat
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Mud-sandflat, Greifswald Lagoon, Ge
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3 COMMUNITIES Communities are assem
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32 Spring bloom index 1200 1000 800
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34 Unusual events and new species i
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36 Depth limit (m) the Gulf of Both
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Number of species 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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Figure 3.2.7. Left panel shows pred
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Implications for the Baltic Sea Act
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Biomass (wet weight, mg per m 2 ) B
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the other hand, is not selected by
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iomass can be used to assess enviro
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Average number of species 20 15 10
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52 Macoma baltica where the influen
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the total BT identified for each ma
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Recruitment (thousands) 8000000 700
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Alien species Several alien fish sp
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4 SPECIES The number of species in
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Table 4.1.1. Results of dedicated a
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Number of stranded porpoises 180 16
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is recommended to survey harbour po
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Number of individuals 12000 10000 8
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Mean blubber thickness (mm) 40 35 3
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Breeding pairs 60000 50000 40000 30
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predation on nests and nesting adul
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sites outside the Baltic, decreased
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Table 4.3.1. Development of the pop
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80 Number of breeding pairs 3000 25
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The strategic goal of the BSAP to h
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for a given site or area. The secon
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Mussel bed reef community, Jasmund,
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Table 5.3. Assessment results of th
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Aerial photo of harbours seals (Pho
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6 HUMAN PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY A
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Table 6.1.1. Catch range during the
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Baltic herring trawling, Bothnian B
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6.1.3 Major international framework
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100 Oil turnover (millions of tonne
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NOx emissions and sewage Macrophyte
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Communication links There are a num
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Figure 6.3.3. Left: concrete-stone
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ecommendations would contribute to
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Tourist fishing 110 cial fishery fo
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112 Figure 6.5.1. Integrated classi
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can be considered as having been a
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Although no direct, dramatic mass m
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Bearing in mind the complex hydrogr
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Box 6.7.1. Invasion status of the B
Page 124 and 125: Table 6.7.1. Examples of ecological
Page 126 and 127: munities that formerly consisted of
Page 128 and 129: 6.8.2 Activities generating noise i
Page 130 and 131: 128 and fish in the Baltic Sea area
Page 132 and 133: 800 700 600 bag of the two German B
Page 134 and 135: Fish swarm on kelp (Laminaria sp.)
Page 136 and 137: tion of ice cover, either through r
Page 138 and 139: 7 STATUS OF THE NETWORK OF MARINE A
Page 140 and 141: Box 7.1. Natura 2000 network of pro
Page 142 and 143: 25 20 on how the criteria on ecolog
Page 144 and 145: estrial, nearshore marine, and offs
Page 146 and 147: 144 >30 psu 18-30 psu 11-18 psu 7.5
Page 148 and 149: Permission needed Restricted Forbid
Page 150 and 151: Figure 7.8.a. MARXAN ’best portfo
Page 152 and 153: The BSPA network is relatively well
Page 154 and 155: Mammals. Among the mammals, the pop
Page 156 and 157: 154 taxonomic groups and communitie
Page 158 and 159: 156 provided by an ecosystem. Use o
Page 160 and 161: 158 Reduction of human pressures Wh
Page 162 and 163: 160 fishing on fish population dyna
Page 164 and 165: 162 Baden, S., Boström, C. (2001).
Page 166 and 167: 164 Season 2001-2002. Acta Zoologic
Page 168 and 169: 166 Gasiūnaitė, Z.R., Cardoso, A.
Page 170 and 171: 168 HELCOM & OSPAR (2003): Joint HE
Page 172 and 173: 170 ICES (2008c). Report of the Bal
Page 176 and 177: 174 Noer, H., Clausager, I., Asferg
Page 178 and 179: 176 Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Fo
Page 180 and 181: 178 by passive acoustic monitoring.
Page 182 and 183: 180 Warzaw, Poland Vilhunen, Jarmo,
Page 184 and 185: 182 6.7 Alien speices Authors: Lepp
Page 186 and 187: ANNEX III: CONSERVATION STATUS OF T
Page 188 and 189: ANNEX IV: HABITAT OR SPECIES DISTRI
Page 190: ANNEX V: STATUS OF BREEDING AND WIN
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BSEP116B Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea - Helcom

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