BSEP116B Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea - Helcom

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180 Warzaw, Poland Vilhunen, Jarmo, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Chapter 4: Species Coordinator Ikauniece, Anda, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology 4.1 Harbour porpoise Authors: Verfuß , Ursula Katharina, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany Bräger, Stefan, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany Dähne, Michael, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany Benke, Harald, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany 4.2 Seals Authors: Härkönen, Tero, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Bäcklin, Britt-Marie, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden Contributors: Björge, Arne, IMR, Norway Boedeker, Dieter, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus Germany Halkka, Antti, WWF, Helsini, Finland Jüssi, Ivar, Estonia Kuklik, Iwona, University of Gdansk, Poland Kunnasranta, Mervi, Fisheries and Game Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland Risberg, Per, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden 4.3 Birds Authors: Bregnballe, Thomas, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Denmark Herrmann, Christof, Agency for Environment, Nature Conservation, and Geology of Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, Güstrow, Germany Larsson, Kjell, Dept. of Biology, Gotland University, Visby, Sweden Žydelis, Ramūnas, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, USA Contributors: Dagys, Mindaugas, Institute of Ecology of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lituania Eichhorn, Götz, IPHC/DEPE UMR CNRS Strasbourg, France Elts, Jaanus, Estonian Ornithological Society, Tartu, Estonia Fedorov, Vladimir, Baltic Fund for Nature of St. Petersburg Naturalist Society/St. Petersburg State University, Russia Gregersen, Jens, Horsens, Denmark Hauff, Peter, Neu Wandrum, Germany Knief, Wilfried, Staatliche Vogelschutzwarte Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany Kuresoo, Andres, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Larsson, Mikael, Väröbacka, Sweden Larsson, Rolf, Jämjö, Sweden Lehikoinen, Aleksi, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki, Finland Luigujõe, Leho, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tartu, Estonia Mizera, Tadeusz, Agricultural University, Zool. Dept., Poznan, Poland Nehls, Hans Wolfgang, Rostock, Germany Skov, Henrik, Hørsholm, Denmark Thorup, Ole, Ribe, Denmark Timonen, Sami, North Ostrobothnia Regional Environment Centre, Finland Volponi, Stefano, Istituto Superiore Ricerca e Protezione Ambientale (ex INFS), Italy Wieloch, Maria, Ornithological Station MIZ PAS, Gdansk, Poland Chapter 5: Towards indicator-based assessment of the Baltic Sea biodiversity Authors: Backer, Hermanni, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Andersen, Jesper, DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark Contributors: Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz, Sea Fisheris Institute in Gdynia, Poland Andrushaitis, Andris, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Appelberg, Magnus, Swedish Board of Fisheries, Institute of Coastal Research Blomqvist, Mats, Hafok AB Ekebom, Jan, Metsähallitus, Finland Fedorovicha, Dagnija, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology
Golubkov, Sergey, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Ikauniece, Anda, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Jermakovs, Vadims, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Kaas, Hanne, DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark Kalveka, Baiba, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Karez, Rolf, State Agency for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein (LANU) Laihonen, Pasi, Finnish Environment Institute Lappalainen, Antti, Game and Fisheries Research Finland Martin, Georg, Estonian Marine Institute Murray, Ciaran, DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark Ojaveer, Henn, Estonian Marine Institute Olsson, Jens, Swedish Board of Fisheries, Institute of Coastal Research Petenati, Thorkild, State Agency for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein (LANU) Piekäinen, Henna, Abo Akademi University, Finland Purina, Ingrida, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Reimers, Hans-Christian, State Agency for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein (LANU) Söderberg, Kerstin, Swedish Board of Fisheries, Institute of Coastal Research Voss, Joachim, State Agency for Nature and Environment Schleswig-Holstein (LANU) Weslawski, Jan Marcin, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology Ådjers, Kaj, Government of Åland Chapter 6: Human pressures 6.1 Fisheries Author: Ojaveer, Henn, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Contributors: Bräger, Stefan, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany Herrmann, Christof, Agency for Environment, Natur Conservation, and Geology of Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania, Güstrow, Germany Verfuß , Ursula Katharina, German Oceanographic Museum, Stralsund, Germany Vilhunen, Jarmo, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland 6.2 Maritime activities Authors: Backer, Hermanni, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Korpinen, Samuli, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland 6.3 Physical damage and disturbance Authors: Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz, Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia, Poland Korpinen, Samuli, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Backer, Hermanni, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland 6.4 Recreational activities Author: Zweifel, Ulla Li, University of Kalmar, Sweden Contributors: Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz, Sea Fisheries Institute in Gdynia, Poland Boedeker, Dieter, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus, Germany Ikauniece, Anda, Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Riga, Latvia Laihonen, Pasi, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland Ojaveer, Henn, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Reersø Hansen, Lone, Agency for Spatial and Environmental Planning, Copenhagen, Denmark 6.5 Eutrophication Authors: Laamanen, Maria, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Andersen, Jesper, DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark 6.6 Hazardous substances Authors: Laamanen, Maria, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Lehtonen, Kari, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Mehtonen, Jukka, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Schiedek, Doris, National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark 181
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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Published by: Helsinki Commission K
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . .
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6.6 Hazardous substances . . . . .
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1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 An integrated
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Box 1.1. Biodiversity The term biod
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of saline water from the North Sea
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14 On a global scale, marine ecosys
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Box 1.2. Regime shifts in the Balti
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2 MARINE LANDSCAPES AND HABITATS 18
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From an ecological point of view, a
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Box 2.1.2. The Baltic marine landsc
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• A coherent data set on benthic
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Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Lat
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Mud-sandflat, Greifswald Lagoon, Ge
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3 COMMUNITIES Communities are assem
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32 Spring bloom index 1200 1000 800
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34 Unusual events and new species i
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36 Depth limit (m) the Gulf of Both
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Number of species 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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Figure 3.2.7. Left panel shows pred
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Implications for the Baltic Sea Act
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Biomass (wet weight, mg per m 2 ) B
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the other hand, is not selected by
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iomass can be used to assess enviro
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Average number of species 20 15 10
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52 Macoma baltica where the influen
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the total BT identified for each ma
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Recruitment (thousands) 8000000 700
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Alien species Several alien fish sp
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4 SPECIES The number of species in
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Table 4.1.1. Results of dedicated a
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Number of stranded porpoises 180 16
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is recommended to survey harbour po
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Number of individuals 12000 10000 8
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Mean blubber thickness (mm) 40 35 3
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Breeding pairs 60000 50000 40000 30
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predation on nests and nesting adul
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sites outside the Baltic, decreased
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Table 4.3.1. Development of the pop
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80 Number of breeding pairs 3000 25
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The strategic goal of the BSAP to h
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for a given site or area. The secon
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Mussel bed reef community, Jasmund,
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Table 5.3. Assessment results of th
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Aerial photo of harbours seals (Pho
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6 HUMAN PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY A
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Table 6.1.1. Catch range during the
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Baltic herring trawling, Bothnian B
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6.1.3 Major international framework
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100 Oil turnover (millions of tonne
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NOx emissions and sewage Macrophyte
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Communication links There are a num
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Figure 6.3.3. Left: concrete-stone
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ecommendations would contribute to
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Tourist fishing 110 cial fishery fo
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112 Figure 6.5.1. Integrated classi
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can be considered as having been a
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Although no direct, dramatic mass m
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Bearing in mind the complex hydrogr
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Box 6.7.1. Invasion status of the B
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Table 6.7.1. Examples of ecological
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munities that formerly consisted of
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6.8.2 Activities generating noise i
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128 and fish in the Baltic Sea area
Page 132 and 133: 800 700 600 bag of the two German B
Page 134 and 135: Fish swarm on kelp (Laminaria sp.)
Page 136 and 137: tion of ice cover, either through r
Page 138 and 139: 7 STATUS OF THE NETWORK OF MARINE A
Page 140 and 141: Box 7.1. Natura 2000 network of pro
Page 142 and 143: 25 20 on how the criteria on ecolog
Page 144 and 145: estrial, nearshore marine, and offs
Page 146 and 147: 144 >30 psu 18-30 psu 11-18 psu 7.5
Page 148 and 149: Permission needed Restricted Forbid
Page 150 and 151: Figure 7.8.a. MARXAN ’best portfo
Page 152 and 153: The BSPA network is relatively well
Page 154 and 155: Mammals. Among the mammals, the pop
Page 156 and 157: 154 taxonomic groups and communitie
Page 158 and 159: 156 provided by an ecosystem. Use o
Page 160 and 161: 158 Reduction of human pressures Wh
Page 162 and 163: 160 fishing on fish population dyna
Page 164 and 165: 162 Baden, S., Boström, C. (2001).
Page 166 and 167: 164 Season 2001-2002. Acta Zoologic
Page 168 and 169: 166 Gasiūnaitė, Z.R., Cardoso, A.
Page 170 and 171: 168 HELCOM & OSPAR (2003): Joint HE
Page 172 and 173: 170 ICES (2008c). Report of the Bal
Page 174 and 175: 172 area: density-dependent effects
Page 176 and 177: 174 Noer, H., Clausager, I., Asferg
Page 178 and 179: 176 Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Fo
Page 180 and 181: 178 by passive acoustic monitoring.
Page 184 and 185: 182 6.7 Alien speices Authors: Lepp
Page 186 and 187: ANNEX III: CONSERVATION STATUS OF T
Page 188 and 189: ANNEX IV: HABITAT OR SPECIES DISTRI
Page 190: ANNEX V: STATUS OF BREEDING AND WIN
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BSEP116B Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea - Helcom

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