BSEP116B Biodiversity in the Baltic Sea - Helcom

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ANNEX I: AUTHORS AND CONTRIBUTORS Chapter 1: Introduction Authors: Zweifel, Ulla Li, University of Kalmar, Sweden Laamanen, Maria, HELCOM Secretariat, Helsinki, Finland Chapter 2: Landscapes and habitats 2.1 Marine landscapes Authors: Reker, Johnny, Agency for Spatial and Environmental Planning, Copenhagen, Denmark Al-Hamdani, Zyad, The Geological Surveys of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark Contributor: Kaskela, Anu, The Geological Survey of Finland, Espoo, Finland 2.2 Habitats Author: Boedeker, Dieter, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus, Germany Chapter 3: Communities Coordinator: Laihonen, Pasi, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) 3.1 Phytoplankton community Authors: Järvinen, Marko, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Jyväskylä Office, Finland Kauppila, Pirkko, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland Kuuppo, Pirjo, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Helsinki, Finland Wasmund, Norbert, Baltic Sea Research Institute, Warnemünde, Germany 3.2 Habitat forming species Authors: Martin, Georg, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Isaeus, Martin, AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden Torn, Kaire, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Contributors: Lindblad, Cecilia, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden Möller, Tiia, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Sandman, Antonia, Stockholm University, Sweden Wikström, Sofia, AquaBiota Water Research, Stockholm, Sweden 3.3 Zooplankton community Authors: Flinkman, Juha, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Postel, Lutz, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Biological Occanography ND, Rostock- Warnemuende, Germany 3.4 Invertebrate benthic community Authors: Norkko, Alf, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Villnäs, Anna, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Contributors: Edler, Lars, WEAQ, Ängelholm, Sweden Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Hajdu, Susanna, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, Sweden Jaanus, Andres, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Jurgensone, Iveta, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Marine Monitoring Center, Riga, Latvia Kaartokallio, Hermanni, Finnish Institute of Marine Research, Helsinki, Finland Lysiak-Pastuszak, Elzbieta, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Gdynia, Poland Vandepitte, Lene, Flanders Marine Institute, 3.5 Fish community Author: Ojaveer, Henn, Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu, Estonia Contributors: Boedeker, Dieter, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus, Germany Gessner, Jörn, Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany Kolman, Ryszard, Inland Fisheries Institute, Olsztyn, Poland Lappalainen, Antti, Finnish Game and Fisheries Institute, Helsinki, Finland Roszkowska, Katarzyna, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Fisheries Department, Belgium, Germany 179
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Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
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Published by: Helsinki Commission K
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE . . . . .
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6.6 Hazardous substances . . . . .
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1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 An integrated
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Box 1.1. Biodiversity The term biod
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of saline water from the North Sea
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14 On a global scale, marine ecosys
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Box 1.2. Regime shifts in the Balti
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2 MARINE LANDSCAPES AND HABITATS 18
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From an ecological point of view, a
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Box 2.1.2. The Baltic marine landsc
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• A coherent data set on benthic
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Denmark Estonia Finland Germany Lat
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Mud-sandflat, Greifswald Lagoon, Ge
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3 COMMUNITIES Communities are assem
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32 Spring bloom index 1200 1000 800
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34 Unusual events and new species i
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36 Depth limit (m) the Gulf of Both
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Number of species 16 14 12 10 8 6 4
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Figure 3.2.7. Left panel shows pred
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Implications for the Baltic Sea Act
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Biomass (wet weight, mg per m 2 ) B
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the other hand, is not selected by
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iomass can be used to assess enviro
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Average number of species 20 15 10
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52 Macoma baltica where the influen
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the total BT identified for each ma
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Recruitment (thousands) 8000000 700
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Alien species Several alien fish sp
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4 SPECIES The number of species in
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Table 4.1.1. Results of dedicated a
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Number of stranded porpoises 180 16
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is recommended to survey harbour po
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Number of individuals 12000 10000 8
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Mean blubber thickness (mm) 40 35 3
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Breeding pairs 60000 50000 40000 30
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predation on nests and nesting adul
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sites outside the Baltic, decreased
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Table 4.3.1. Development of the pop
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80 Number of breeding pairs 3000 25
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The strategic goal of the BSAP to h
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for a given site or area. The secon
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Mussel bed reef community, Jasmund,
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Table 5.3. Assessment results of th
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Aerial photo of harbours seals (Pho
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6 HUMAN PRESSURES ON BIODIVERSITY A
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Table 6.1.1. Catch range during the
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Baltic herring trawling, Bothnian B
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6.1.3 Major international framework
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100 Oil turnover (millions of tonne
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NOx emissions and sewage Macrophyte
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Communication links There are a num
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Figure 6.3.3. Left: concrete-stone
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ecommendations would contribute to
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Tourist fishing 110 cial fishery fo
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112 Figure 6.5.1. Integrated classi
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can be considered as having been a
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Although no direct, dramatic mass m
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Bearing in mind the complex hydrogr
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Box 6.7.1. Invasion status of the B
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Table 6.7.1. Examples of ecological
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munities that formerly consisted of
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6.8.2 Activities generating noise i
Page 130 and 131: 128 and fish in the Baltic Sea area
Page 132 and 133: 800 700 600 bag of the two German B
Page 134 and 135: Fish swarm on kelp (Laminaria sp.)
Page 136 and 137: tion of ice cover, either through r
Page 138 and 139: 7 STATUS OF THE NETWORK OF MARINE A
Page 140 and 141: Box 7.1. Natura 2000 network of pro
Page 142 and 143: 25 20 on how the criteria on ecolog
Page 144 and 145: estrial, nearshore marine, and offs
Page 146 and 147: 144 >30 psu 18-30 psu 11-18 psu 7.5
Page 148 and 149: Permission needed Restricted Forbid
Page 150 and 151: Figure 7.8.a. MARXAN ’best portfo
Page 152 and 153: The BSPA network is relatively well
Page 154 and 155: Mammals. Among the mammals, the pop
Page 156 and 157: 154 taxonomic groups and communitie
Page 158 and 159: 156 provided by an ecosystem. Use o
Page 160 and 161: 158 Reduction of human pressures Wh
Page 162 and 163: 160 fishing on fish population dyna
Page 164 and 165: 162 Baden, S., Boström, C. (2001).
Page 166 and 167: 164 Season 2001-2002. Acta Zoologic
Page 168 and 169: 166 Gasiūnaitė, Z.R., Cardoso, A.
Page 170 and 171: 168 HELCOM & OSPAR (2003): Joint HE
Page 172 and 173: 170 ICES (2008c). Report of the Bal
Page 174 and 175: 172 area: density-dependent effects
Page 176 and 177: 174 Noer, H., Clausager, I., Asferg
Page 178 and 179: 176 Scheffer M., Carpenter S.R., Fo
Page 182 and 183: 180 Warzaw, Poland Vilhunen, Jarmo,
Page 184 and 185: 182 6.7 Alien speices Authors: Lepp
Page 186 and 187: ANNEX III: CONSERVATION STATUS OF T
Page 188 and 189: ANNEX IV: HABITAT OR SPECIES DISTRI
Page 190: ANNEX V: STATUS OF BREEDING AND WIN
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